Morfologija spolnog sustava i spolni dimorfizam u gmazova

master's thesis

• Title (english): Morphology of the Reproductive System and Sexual Dimorphism in Reptiles
• Author: Tamara Špoljar
• Mentor: Srebrenka Nejedli (mentor)
• Committee member: Zvonimir Kozarić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Damir Mihelić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Srebrenka Nejedli (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; (Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embriology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-11-30, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine

Abstract

Gmazovi (Reptilia) su kralježnjaci koji su tijekom evolucije postigli veliku raznolikost vanjske građe i uspjeli se u potpunosti prilagoditi kopnenom načinu života. U današnje ih se vrijeme sve češće susreće kao kućne ljubimce. Posebnu pažnju, osim na osnovne uvjete držanja i hranidbe, trebalo bi posvetiti i morfološkim osobinama spolnog sustava i spolnom dimorfizmu, kako zbog lakšeg razlikovanja mužjaka od ženki u uzgojne svrhe, tako i zbog sprečavanja agresije među životinjama u zatočeništvu te neželjenog parenja.
Muški spolni sustav gmazova služi za proizvodnju muških spolnih stanica i njihov prijenos u ženski spolni sustav, a sastoji se od testisa, ekskrecijskih kanalića, te kopulacijskog organa. Ženski spolni sustav gmazova sastoji se od jajnika i jajovoda, koji su kod većine vrsta parni. Kod pojedinih vrsta gmazova, mužjake i ženke može se razlikovati na temelju sekundarnih spolnih karakteristika. Mužjaci se od ženki najčešće razlikuju po veličini, boji, duljini repa i kandži, boji šarenice, zaobljenosti oklopa kod kornjača, te razvijenijim femoralnim porama kod guštera. Sekundarne spolne karakteristike često nisu prisutne kod velikog broja gmazova, a kod većine mladunaca je gotovo nemoguće odrediti spol na temelju vanjske morfologije. Spol se u tom slučaju određuje drugim metodama determinacije kao što su: sondiranje kloake, digitalna palpacija kloake, izvrtanje hemipenisa, ultrazvučna, rendgenografska i endoskopska pretraga.

Abstract (english)

Reptiles (Reptilia) are vertebrates that have achieved a great variety of external morphology during their evolution process and have subsequently managed to fully adapt to terrestrial life. Nowadays they are more frequently encountered as pets. The morphological characteristics of the reproductive system and sexual dimorphism require a special attention, along with adequate conditions of upkeep and nutrition, in order to distinguish males from females for breeding purposes in addition to prevent aggressive behaviour between animals in captivity and unwanted breeding.
The function of the reproductive system of male reptiles is the production of male reproductive cells and their transmission to the female reproductive system, and it consists of the testicles, excretory ducts and an intromittent organ. The female reproductive system consists of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, that are even numbered in most species. In some reptile species however, males and females can be distinguished on the basis of secondary sexual characteristics. Males and females usually vary in size, colour, length of the tail and claws, the colour of the iris, the curvature of the shell in turtles and developed femoral pores in lizards. Secondary sexual characteristics are often not present in a large number of reptiles, and in the majority of the offspring it is almost impossible to determine gender based on external morphology. Gender in this case is determined by other methods of determination, such as cloacal probing, digital palpation of cloaca, eversion of the hemipenis, ultrasonography, radiography and endoscopy.

• Keywords: gmazovi; spolni sustav; spolni dimorfizam
• Keywords (english): reptiles; reproductive system; sexual dimorphism
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:876820
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-07-23 08:55:16