| Abstract | Mastocitom, hematopoetska neoplazija građena od mastocita, predstavlja najčešći maligni
tumor kože u pasa i drugi najčešći tumor kože u mačaka. Mastociti su imunosne stanice
koje imaju ključnu ulogu u odgovoru organizma na alergene i razne patogene otpuštanjem
sadržaja citoplazmatskih granula. Mastocitom je zbog svoje učestalosti i varijabilnog
ponašanja izrazito važna diferencijalna dijagnoza u maloj veterinarskoj praksi. U ovom radu
naveli smo karakteristike mastocitoma u pasa i mačaka te njihove sličnosti i razlike.
Pasminska predispozicija je prisutna u mačaka i pasa te mastocitom često zahvaća pit bull
pasmine i sijamske mačke. Dok su dokazi o postojanju spolne predispozicije kod pasa
proturječni, kod mačaka ona nije dokazana. Uzroci razvoja mastocitoma su nepoznati, a vrlo
izražena pasminska predispozicija nam ukazuje na postojanje nasljednih faktora. U pasa
mastocitome najčešće nalazimo na području trupa, ekstremiteta te glave i vrata, a također
su izražena predilekcijska mjesta razvoja tumora u određenih pasmina. Kod mačaka se osim
kožnih mastocitoma, u velikom broju pojavljuju i visceralni oblici. Kožni mastocitom često
zahvaća glavu i vrat, dok se visceralni oblik najčešće pojavljuje u slezeni i crijevima.
Mastocitomi se često javljaju kao izdignute bezdlačne tvorbe na koži, a njihova klinička slika
varira ovisno o veličini i mjestu tumora. Histološki stupanj tumora, prema Patnaikovom ili
Kiupelovom sustavu, ključan je prognostički faktor mastocitoma pasa. Osim njega, koristimo
se i drugim čimbenicima poput kliničkog stupnjevanja, lokalizacije tumora, broja Ki-67
pozitivnih stanica, ekspresije KIT proteina u mastocitima te mutacije KIT gena. Za razliku od
pasa, navedeni sustavi histološkog stupnjevanja mastocitoma nemaju prognostičku važnost
kod mačaka. Određivanje biološkog ponašanja mastocitoma u mačaka je otežano, no neki
od prognostičkih faktora koje uzimamo u obzir su histološki podtip tumora, mitotski indeks,
lokalizacija te kliničko stupnjevanje. |
| Abstract (english) | Mast cell tumor, a hematopoietic neoplasm composed of mast cells, represents the most
common malignant skin tumor in dogs and the second most common skin tumor in cats.
Mast cells are immune cells that play a crucial role in the body's response to allergens and
various pathogens by releasing the contents of cytoplasmic granules. Due to its frequency
and variable behavior, mast cell tumor is an important differential diagnosis in small
veterinary practices. In this thesis, we have outlined the characteristics of mastocytomas in
dogs and cats, highlighting their similarities and differences. Breed predisposition is present
in cats and dogs, with mast cell tumors often affecting Pit Bull breeds and Siamese cats.
While evidence of gender predisposition in dogs is conflicting, it is has not been not proven
in cats. The causes of mastocytoma development are unknown, and a strong breed
predisposition suggests the presence of a hereditary factor. In dogs, mastocytomas are most
commonly found on the trunk, limbs, head, and neck, with specific predilection sites in
certain breeds. In addition to cutaneous mastocytomas, cats often exhibit visceral forms.
Cutaneous mastocytomas frequently affect the head and neck in cats, while the visceral
form most commonly occurs in the spleen and intestines. Mastocytomas often manifest as
elevated, hairless formations on the skin, and their clinical presentation varies depending on
the size and location of the tumor. The histological grade of the tumor, either based on the
Patnaik or Kiupel system, is a crucial prognostic factor for mastocytomas in dogs. In addition,
other factors such as clinical staging, tumor localization, the number of Ki-67 positive cells,
expression of KIT protein in mast cells, and mutations in the KIT gene are considered. In
contrast to dogs, these histological grading systems do not have prognostic significance in
cats. Determining the biological behavior of mastocytomas in cats is challenging, but some
prognostic factors considered include the histological subtype of the tumor, mitotic index,
localization, and clinical staging. |
