Hranjenje kuje i štenaca tijekom gravidnosti i laktacije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Feeding of Bitches and Pupppies during Pregnancy and Lactation
• Author: Ana Ribičić
• Mentor: Tomislav Mašek (mentor)
• Committee member: Kristina Starčević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Maurić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tomislav Mašek (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; (Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-05-04, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine

Abstract

Od trenutka parenja pa do navršenog prvog mjeseca skotnosti, dakle, u doba kad tek predmnijevamo da je kuja začela, u pogledu apetita kuje nema vidljivih promjena (Bauer, 2000.). Preporuča se zamijeniti hranu kuji prije kočenja da ne bi došlo tada do probavnih smetnji. Ako je kuja idealne težine u vrijeme parenja, nije potrebno povećanje unosa hrane do petog tjedan graviditeta. Nakon petog ili šestog tjedna graviditeta, treba postupno povećavati unos hrane kuje, tako da joj je za vrijeme štenjenja dnevni unos oko 25% do 50% veći od njezinih uobičajenih potreba održavanja, ovisno o veličini legla i veličini kuje. Njezina tjelesna težina se treba povećati za oko 15% do 25%. Važno je osigurati dovoljno hrane tijekom tog razdoblja, jer kuje koje su pothranjene tijekom srednjeg i kasnog graviditeta mogu imati poteškoća u održavanju tjelesne kondicije važne za visoke zahtjeve proizvodnje mlijeka koji se javljaju tijekom dojenja.
Tijekom laktacije najvažnije su kalorije i voda. Tijekom vrha laktacije se potrebe za energijom povećavaju do 3 puta u odnosu prije graviditeta, što se događa otprilike 2-3 tjedna poslije kočenja. Povisuje se i potreba za proteinima. Nedovoljno proteina u hrani kuje se povezuje sa lošom produkcijom mlijeka i sa sporim i slabim razvitkom imuniteta štenaca. Unos kalcija i fosfora se mora povećati da bi se podržala produkcija mlijeka. Za štence je kolostrum od iznimne važnosti jer pruža specijaliziranu prehranu i pasivni imunitet. Mlijeko je savršena hrana za štence. Sa 3 do 4 tjedna starosti, štenci će se početi interesirati za krutu hranu. Kad se to dogodi, kujin dnevni unos hrane treba polako smanjivati. Kada dođe vrijeme da se štenci odvikavaju od sisanja (sa 7 do 8 tjedana), količina kujinog unosa hrane bi trebala biti manje od 50% iznad njezine normalne potrebe održavanja. Štenci koji počinju jesti krutu hranu sa tri do četiri tjedna starosti obično konzumiraju veliki dio ishrane u obliku krute hrane sa 6-7 tjedana.

Abstract (english)

From the moment of mating to the first month of pregnancy, hence, at a time when we just assume that the bitch is pregnant, there are no changes in the appetite of the bitch (Bauer, 2001.). It is recommended to replace the bitches food before giving birth so that no gastrointestinal disturbances occur. If the bitch is of ideal weight during mating time, it is not necessary to increase the intake of the food until the fifth week of pregnancy. After the fifth or sixth week of pregnancy, the intake of food should be increased gradually, so that around the time of birth the daily intake is about 25% to 50% higher than her usual maintenance needs, depending on the size of the litter and the size of the bitch. Her body weight should be increased by about 15% to 25%. It is important to provide enough food during this period because dogs who are malnourished from middle to late pregnancy may have difficulty in maintaining body condition important for high milk production requirements occurring during breastfeeding.
During lactation, the most important are calories and water. During the peak of lactation, energy needs are increased by up to 3 times before pregnancy, which occurs approximately 2-3 weeks after birth. There is also an increase in the need for proteins. Insufficient protein in food is associated with poor production of milk and with slow and poor development of puppy immunity. The intake of calcium and phosphorus must be increased to support milk production. For puppies, colostrum is of utmost importance because it provides specialized nutrition and passive immunity. Milk is the perfect puppy food. With 3 to 4 weeks of age, puppies will start to be interested in solid food. When this happens, the bitches daily intake should slowly decrease. When it's time to wean puppies (from 7 to 8 weeks), bitches food intake should be less than 50% above its normal maintenance. Puppies that start to eat solid foods at the age of three to four weeks usually consume a large portion of the diet in the form of solid food by the age of 6 to 7 weeks.

• Keywords: prehrana; kuja; štenci
• Keywords (english): feeding; bitch; puppies
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:432841
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-07-23 09:07:31