Bolesti kolona u pasa

master's thesis

• Title (english): Diseases of the Colon in Dogs
• Author: Karolina Kolarić
• Mentor: Martina Crnogaj (mentor)
• Mentor: Jelena Gotić (mentor)
• Committee member: Dalibor Potočnjak (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jelena Gotić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Martina Crnogaj (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; (Internal Diseases Clinic); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine

Abstract

U ovom radu obrađene su klinički najznačajnije bolesti kolona u pasa: akutne i kronične upalne
bolesti, infektivne bolesti, neoplazije i bolesti koje uzrokuju opstrukciju. Njihova etiologija,
klinički pregled i anamneza, dijagnostika i mogućnosti liječenja detaljno su prikazani. Većina
ovih poremećaja obično se može uspješno liječiti.
Prilikom uzimanja anamneze vrlo je važno od vlasnika dobiti detaljne podatke koji će nam
pomoći da razlikujemo da li je proljev porijeklom iz debelog ili tankog crijeva. To je važno jer
se razlikuju dijagnostički postupci kao i terapija između bolesti tankog crijeva i debelog crijeva.
Kod pasa koji imaju znakove kroničnog kolitisa obično se javlja povećana učestalost defekacije
s smanjenim volumenom fecesa, koji je od mekanog do vodenastog po konzistenciji, te je često
obavijen fekalnom sluzi sa ili bez hematohezije te tenezam.
U blagim slučajevima dijagnoza se temelji na parazitarnoj pretrazi stolice, pozitivnom
odgovoru na empirijsko liječenje s antiparaziticima, odgovoru na promjenu hrane (vlaknasta
hrana, eliminacijska dijeta) ili odgovoru na empirijsko liječenje akutnog kolitisa. U teškim ili
kroničnim slučajevima kolitisa dijagnostički testovi uključuju: sve pretrage navedene za blage
slučajeve, bakteriološku i citološku pretraga fecesa, RTG i ultrazvuk abdomena (korisne za
isključivanje neoplazija) te kao zlatni standard patohistološku pretraga biopsija debelog crijeva
(biopsije dobivene kolonoskopijom ili kirurški).
Izbor i način liječenja ovisi o osnovnoj bolesti debelog crijeva. Simptomatska terapija za akutni
nekomplicirani proljev uključuje odmor crijeva i promjenu hrane, a u nekim slučajevima i
probiotike. No, u teškom ili kroničnom kolitisu terapija može uključivati od samo promjene
hrane i empirijskog liječenja antiparaziticima, preko antibiotika i antifugalnih lijekova za razne
infekcije pa do protuupalnih lijekova kao i imunosupresivnih lijekova koji se primjenjuju kod
pasa sa dijagnosticiranom upalnom bolesti crijeva. U slučaju neoplazija terapija će se temeljiti
na kiruškom zahvatu i citostatskom protokolu.
Prognoza za većinu akutnih i neke kronične bolesti debelog crijeva je izvrsna, dok je za teže
kronične bolesti nepredvidljiva do loša, osobito kad su dijagnosticirani teški slučajevi upalne
bolesti crijeva ili neoplazije.

Abstract (english)

This thesis deals with clinically most important diseases of the colon in a dog: acute and chronic
inflammatory diseases, infection diseases, neoplasia and diseases causing obstruction. Their
etiology, clinical examination and history, diagnostics and treatment options are presented in
detail. Most disorders can usually be managed very successfully.
Differentiating large bowel diarrhea from small bowel diarrhea is very important when taking
disease history from the owner. This is important because diagnostic tests as well as therapy
vary significantly between diseases of small and large intestine. Dogs presenting with signs of
chronic colitis usually have more frequent defecation of small volumes of soft to watery stool,
often mixed with mucus and/or fresh blood, and straining.
In mild cases the diagnosis is often established based on fecal parasite examination, positive
response to empirical treatment for difficult-to-diagnose parasite problems, response to dietary
trials (fiber augmented diet, elimination diets) or response to empirical treatment for acute
colitis. In the case of severe or chronic colitis diagnostic tests include all tests for mild cases,
fecal cytology and culture, radiographs and ultrasound (useful for ruling out neoplasia), and as
a gold standard histology of colon biopsy samples (collected by colonoscopy or surgery).
Treatment options vary dependent on the underlying disease of the colon. Symptomatic therapy
for acute non-complicated diarrhea includes bowel rest and dietary manipulation, and in some
cases probiotics. But in severe or chronic colitis it can include only dietary manipulation and
specific anthelmintic therapy for parasite infections, antibacterial drugs or antifungal agents for
infectious disorders, and anti-inflammatory therapy as well as immunosuppressive drugs for
large intestinal inflammatory bowel disease. In cases of neoplasms therapy will be surgery and
cytostatic protocols when needed.
Prognosis for most acute and some chronic diseases of large intestine is excellent but for chronic
severe diseases it is guarded to poor, especially when severe cases of inflammatory bowel
disease or neoplasms are diagnosed.

• Keywords: Bolesti; kolona; pasa
• Keywords (english): Diseases; Colon; Dogs
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:892500
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-01-08 07:30:33