Raširenost nametničke muhe Cacoxenus indagator u umjetnim gnijezdima solitarnih pčela iz roda Osmia

master's thesis

• Title (english): Prevalence of Cacoxenus Indagator Larvas in Osmia spp. Artificial Nests
• Author: Anja Koščević
• Mentor: Ivana Tlak Gajger (mentor)
• Committee member: Srebrenka Nejedli
• Committee member: Dragan Bubalo
• Committee member: Ivana Tlak Gajger
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; (Department for Biology and Pathology of Fish and Bees); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-07-10, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine; Basic and Preclinical Veterinary Sciences

Abstract

Gotovo tri cetvrtine svih prehrambenih usjeva ovise barem djelomicno o oprašivanju
kukcima. Kukci oprašivaci su bitni za uspješno razmnožavanje mnogih biljaka. Gubitak i
izolacija prirodnih staništa na poljoprivrednim zemljištima i površinama mogu uzrokovati
nestanak odredenih vrsta biljaka, kao i kukaca oprašivaca te ugroziti sam proces oprašivanja.
Takoder, smanjenje broja i propadanje zajednica medonosne pcele zbog bolesti te upotrebe
pesticida izazva veliku zabrinutost. Zbog navedenih razloga, znacajno smanjenje broja i
raznolikosti kukaca oprašivaca dovelo je do svjetske „oprašivacke krize“.
Solitarne pcele roda Osmia spp. su znatan dodatni cimbenik ucinkovitog oprašivanja u
povoljnim okolišnim uvjetima. Kontrolirani uzgoji solitarnih pcela u umjetnim gnijezdima su
invadirani brojnim nametnicima, kao i ostalom pratecom faunom.
Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi pojavnost i proširenost licinaka nametnicke muhe
Cacoxenus indagator u umjetnim gnijezdima solitarnih pcela iz roda Osmia smještenim na
cetiri lokacije u kontinentalnom djelu Republike Hrvatske. Ove lokacije se nalaze u razlicitim
biotopima, i pod utjecajem su razlicitih okolišnih cimbenika kao što su zemljopisni, klimatski
i pašni uvjeti. Odredivan je broj stanica gnijezda ispunjen kokonima s odraslim pcelama kao i
broj stanica u gnijezdima invadiranih nametnicima i ostalom popratnom faunom. Uzorkovana
gnijezda iz kojih su skupljeni kokoni i cjelovite trstike više razlicitih uzgajivaca su
dostavljena u laboratorij gdje je ukupan sadržaj umjetnih gnijezda nasumicno izabranih
uzoraka bio pregledan tijekom studenog 2013. godine. Umjetna gnijezda su izradena od
barske trstike (Phragmites australis) stare jednu ili dvije godine razlicite duljine.
Otvoreno je i pregledano 208 barskih trstika koje su sadržavale 1501 kokon. Prema
lokacijama rasporedenost je iznosila: ZG – 47/307; OS – 13/147; NG – 128/944; i OZ –
20/103 (lamele barske trstike/kokoni). Broj kokona invadiranih s licinkama C. indagator bio
je 8,49%; 0%; 1,48%; i 8,74%. Kokoni sa neidentificiranim uzrocima oštecenja bili su: 0%;
28,57%; 3,07%; i 11,65%. U umjetnim gnijezdima od dvogodišnje barske trstike nije bilo niti
jedne lamele sa samo zdravim kokonima, dok je invadiranost licinkama nametnicke muhe C.
indagator (ili ostalim nametnicima i pripadajucom faunom) ili ostalim neidentificiranim
uzrocima oštecenja bila znacajno veca u usporedbi s stanicama i kokonima u umjetnim
gnijezdima izradenim od jednogodišnje trstike.
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Naime, prisutnost nametnika ogranicava broj zdravih solitarnih pcela koje izlaze iz
kokona i ima negativni utjecaj na njihov prirodni razvoj. Dakle, u uzgoju solitarnih pcela
bitno je koristiti samo jednogodišnji materijal i redovito sanirati ili uništiti onaj uporabljen
prethodne godine kao preventivnu mjeru za sprecavanje bolesti

Abstract (english)

Almost three-quarters of all food crops depend at least partly on pollination by insects.
These pollination is essential for the reproductive success of many plants. Loss and isolation
of natural habitats in agricultural landscapes can cause declines of plants and pollinators and
endanger pollination services. Also, the decline of honeybee colonies due to diseases and
pesticides has prompted serious concern. Given this importance, widespread declines in
pollinator diversity have led to concern about a global “pollination problem”. Solitary bees
Osmia spp. are significant supplementary factor for effective crop pollination in favourable
environmental conditions. Controlled farms with artificial nests of solitary bees are invaded
by various parasites and other accompanying fauna.
The aim of this study was to find out prevalence of Cacoxenus indagator larvas in
Osmia spp. artificial nests settled in four locations in continental part of Croatia. These
locations are situated in different biotopes and are influenced by different environmental
factors such as geographical, climatic and pasture conditions. The number of brood chambers
with adult bees was determinated, as well as the number of parasite invaded chambers and
foreign fauna. Sampled nests from which cocoons were collected originated from the different
breeders and complete nests were transported in laboratory where the total nest contents of
random samples were examined in November 2013. Nests were made of common reed
(Phragmites australis) with different length of tubes and one- or two-year old cane tubes.
In total the 208 cane tubes with 1501 cocoons were sectioned and examined.
According to origin locations: ZG – 47/307; OS – 13/147; NG – 128/944; and OZ – 20/103
(cane tubes/cocoons). The number of cocoons invaded with Cacoxenus indagator larvae was
8.14%; 0%; 1.48%; and 8.74% respectively. The cocoons with unidentified causes of damage
were found as follows: 0%; 28.57%; 3.07%; and 11.65%, respectively. In the two-years old
nest material there was no tube containing just healthy cocoons, and tubes invaded with
Cacoxenus indagator (or other parasites and accompanying fauna) or with damages of
unidentified cause was significantly more in comparison with one-year old slots.
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Namely, the presence of nest parasites limits the number of solitary bees that can
emergence from cocoons and have negative influence on their individual development.
Therefore, in rearing of solitary bees it is necessity to use just annual nesting material, and
destroying this used year before, as measure of diseases prevention.

• Keywords: solitarne pcele; biotop; C. indagator
• Keywords (english): solitary bees; biotopes; C. indagator
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:151018
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2016-01-12 12:24:45