LOMOVI LOPATICE U MALIH ŽIVOTINJA

master's thesis

• Title (english): SCAPULAR FRACTURES IN CATS AND DOGS
• Author: Karlo Tanhofer
• Mentor: Marko Pećin (mentor)
• Committee member: Dražen Vnuk (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mario Kreszinger (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Pećin (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ozren Smolec (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-07, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine; Veterinary Clinical Sciences

Abstract

Lomovi lopatice rijetko se javljaju u veterinarskoj medicini i sačinjavaju svega 0.5-2.4% svih lomova kosti. Uzrok su tupe traume, često kao posljedica udarca automobila no u mladih životinja mogu se javiti i avulzijski lomovi. Lom lopatice se utvrđuje ortopedskim pregledom i rengenskim snimanjem. Rengensko snimanje se izvodi specifičnim projekcijama zbog prisutnosti okolnih koštanih struktura koje mogu otežati viđenje ili potpuno sakriti lomnu liniju. S obzirom na specifičnost oblika lopatice u usporedbi s drugim kostima, odabir metode liječenja lomova lopatice u malih životinja zavisi o biomehaničkim čimbenicima. Većina lomova lopatice je stabilna i ne zahtijeva kirurško liječenje. Nestabilni lomovi i artikularni lomovi lopatice zahtijevaju kirurško liječenje. Metoda kirurškog liječenja ovisi o veličini koštanog fragmenta i mjesta loma lopatice. Zbog obilne muskulature i okolnih struktura moguća je jedino otvorena osteosinteza. Veće koštane fragmente na lopatici stabiliziramo upotrebom ortopedske pločice, ortopedskih igli i serklažne žice te kombinacijom ovih metoda. Lomovi manjih koštanih fragmenata ne omogućavaju upotrebu pločica već se koriste pritezni ortopedski vijci, serklažna žica i ortopedske igle. Dugoročna prognoza je upitna za artikularne lomove kod kojih se u velikom broju pacijenata mogu ostati različiti stupnjevi hromosti. Ako je koštane fragmente nemoguće dovesti u njihovu točnu anatomsku poziciju, opisane su metode spašavanja funkcije uda. Među njima su djelomična ili potpuna skapulektomija i artrodeza ramenog zgloba. Artrodeza ramenog zgloba povezana je s visokim stupnjem postoperativnih komplikacija. Uz lomove lopatice mogu se javiti ozljede ramenog spleta živaca. Kod životinja u kojih je neurološkim pregledom utvrđen izostanak kutanog refleksa uz izostanak duboke boli, prognoza za povratak funkcije uda je nepovoljna i u tom slučaju se preporučuje amputacija.

Abstract (english)

Scapular fractures are rare in veterinary medicine and make up only 0.5-2.4% of all fractures. They are caused by blunt force trauma, usually from vehicular trauma but in young animals they can be caused by avulsion. Scapular fracture is diagnosed by orthopedic examination and radiological imaging. Radiological imaging is performed in specific projections because surrounding bone structures can impair visualisation or completely hide the fracture line. Because of its specific shape compared to other bones, method of treatment is dependant on biomechanical factors. Most scapular fractures are stable and therefore do not require surgical treatment. Unstable fractures and articular fractures require surgical treatment. Surgical treatment method is dependent on the size of the fragment and the location of the fracture. Only method of reduction is open reduction because of well developed musculature and surrounding structures. Larger bone fragments are stabilized by use of bone plates, pins and orthopedic wire or the combination of the latter. In smaller fragments bone plates are not applicable, but the usage of lag screws, orthopedic wire and pins is indicated. Long-term prognosis for articular fractures is guardes, as in a large portion of patients lameness of differing severities can persist. If reduction of fragments is impossible, different salvage procedure methods have been documented. These include partial or total scapulectomy and shouldet joint arthrodesis. Shoulder joint arthrodesis is linked to a high rate of postoperative complications. Along with scapular fractures, damage to brachial plexus can occur. If a lack of cutaneous reflex and an abscence of deep pain is determined in an animal, there is little chance of return of function to the affected limb and therefore amputation is preffered.
Scapula, Fracture, Surgical treatment, Dog, Cat

• Keywords: lopatica; lom; kirurško liječenje; pas; mačka
• Keywords (english): Scapula; Fracture; Surgical treatment; Dog; Cat
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:964778
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-07-19 09:24:35