Morfološke karakteristike živčanog sustava, osjetila i kože u zmija

master's thesis

• Title (english): Morphological characteristics of the nervous system, senses and skin in snake
• Author: Helena Jerleković
• Mentor: Srebrenka Nejedli (mentor)
• Committee member: Damir Mihelić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivona Žura Žaja (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Srebrenka Nejedli (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Shek Vugrovečki (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-11-25, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine; Basic and Preclinical Veterinary Sciences

Abstract

Zmije spadaju u skupinu gmazova koji su prvi kopneni kralježnjaci, a njihova pojava se bilježi
tijekom trijasa. Prilagodbu na kopnu im je omogućila pojava vodonepropusnog amnionskog
jaja. Druga važna prilagodba je bila razvoj kože s ljuskama koja ih štiti od nepovoljnih vanjskih
uvjeta i dehidracije. Međutim, koža ne može pratiti rast i dolazi do presvlačenja. Kod zmija se
ona presvlači u jednom komadu i zmije, prije nego što dođe do presvlačenja, postaju nemirne
zbog slabijeg vida. Zmije su razvile niz osjetila pomoću kojih lakše uočavaju, hvataju i
manipuliraju plijenom. Određene porodice zmija su razvije posebne organe koji su osjetljivi na
toplinu. Pomoću njih vide infracrveno zračenje plijena i to im omogućava lov i u mraku. Osjete
vibracije tla koje se prenose preko donje čeljusti, kvadratne kosti i stremena do unutrašnjeg
uha. Kemijske informacije zmije primaju preko vomernazalnog ili Jakobsonovog organa na
vršcima dugačkog rašljastog jezika. U Jakobsonovom organu, receptori reagiraju na mirisne
čestice sakupljene palucanjem. Važnost vida kod zmija varira, vrste koje preferiraju otvorena
staništa imaju daleko više osjetnih stanica od onih koje žive na tlu pokrivenom gustom
vegetacijom. Kod zmija dolazi do razvoja živčanog sustava za razliku od njenih predaka. Veliki
mozak je građen od dvije polutke i ima razvijenu koru mozga, ali nema moždane vijuge i
brazde. Mali mozak kod zmija nije dovoljno razvijen te je izduženog oblika i uzak. Kralježnična
moždina je slične građe kao kod sisavaca.

Abstract (english)

Snakes belong to the group of reptiles that are the first terrestrial vertebrates, and their
appearance was recorded during the Triassic. Adaptation on land was made possible by the
appearance of a waterproof amniotic egg. Another important adaptation was the development
of skin with scales that protect them from adverse external conditions and dehydration.
However, the skin cannot keep up with the growth and changes occur. In the case of a snake, it
is changed in one piece and snakes, before the change takes place, become restless due to poor
eyesight. Snakes have developed a number of senses that make it easier to spot, capture and
manipulate prey. Certain families of snakes have developed special organs that are sensitive to
heat. They use them to see the infrared radiation of their prey and this enables them to hunt
even in the dark. Sensations of the ground vibrations they receive are transmitted via the lower
jaw, quadrate bone and stirrup to the internal mechanoreceptors in the lower jaw. Chemical
information is received by snakes through the vomernasal or Jacobson's organ at the tips of the
long forked tongue. In Jacobson's organ, the receptors react to odor particles collected by pallor.
The importance of vision in snakes varies, species that prefer open habitats have far more
sensory cells than those that live on ground covered with dense vegetation. In snakes, a nervous
system develops unlike its ancestors. The cerebrum is made up of two hemispheres and has a
developed cerebral cortex, but no sulcus and cerebral gyrus. The cerebellum in snakes is not
sufficiently developed and is elongated and narrow. The spinal cord has a similar structure to
that of mammals.

• Keywords: zmije; koža; osjetila; mozak
• Keywords (english): snake; skin; senses; brain
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:990106
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-11-29 11:52:32