| Abstract | Perinatalne bolesti definiramo kao skup bolesti različite etiologije koje nastaju
neposredno prije, za vrijeme ili poslije poroda mladunčeta, a u ovčarstvu i kozarstvu čine 10 –
30% ukupnih gubitaka. One mogu biti zarazne i nezarazne etiologije te se mogu razviti u
kasnom razdoblju graviditeta, tijekom porođaja ili po porodu do odbića. Većina se tih uginuća
dogodi u prvih 72 sata života, a čak polovica na sam dan poroda. Perinatalne bolesti obzirom
na vrijeme nastanka podijelili smo na: fetalne bolesti, uginuća tijekom porođaja te postnatalne
bolesti. Fetalne bolesti nastaju tijekom unutarmaterničnog razvoja fetusa prilikom čega može
doći do kongenitalnih malformacija, pobačaja različite etiologije i prolongirane gestacije.
Tijekom porođaja može doći do ozljeda tkiva ploda te prekida opskrbe mozga kisikom. Uzrok
tomu mogu biti distocija i potpomognuti porod uz primjenu prekomjerne sile. Postnatalne
bolesti, koje mogu biti rane, prolongirane i kasne, tek su malim dijelom zarazne etiologije:
kolibaciloza, dizenterija, rota virusi i korona virusi. Većina uginuća u postnatalnom razdoblju
nastaje zbog hipotermija-hipoglikemija-gladovanje kompleksa. Ovaj kompleks javlja se
nedugo po porođaju, a može nastati iz više razloga. U većini se slučajeva radi o nemogućnosti
sisanja zbog čega dolazi do hipoglikemije, a ubrzo nastupa i hipotermija, koja ukoliko se ne
sanira dovodi do uginuća mladunčeta. Na preživljavanje mladunčeta utječu: majčinsko
ponašanje, ponašanje mladunčeta po porodu, količina i kvaliteta posisanog kolostruma,
porođajna masa mladunčadi, veličina legla, te vanjski čimbenici kao što su: hranidba,
vremenski uvjeti i način držanja. |
| Abstract (english) | Perinatal diseases are defined as a set of diseases of different aetiologies that occur
immediately before, during or after the parturition. In sheep and goat farming perinatal diseases
account for 10-30% of total losses. They can be caused by infectious or non-infectious
aetiology and can develop in the late of pregnancy, during or after parturition until weaning.
Most perinatal deaths occur in the first 72 hours of life and more than a half of them occur on
the day of parturition. Perinatal diseases, according to the time of onset, are divided into foetal
diseases, deaths during parturition and postnatal diseases. Foetal diseases occur during the
intrauterine development of the foetus, when congenital malformations, abortions of various
aetiologies and prolonged gestation can occur. During parturition, foetal tissue may be injured
and the oxygen supply to the brain may be interrupted. This is caused by dystocia or assisted
delivery during which excessive force is used. Postnatal diseases can be early, prolonged, and
late. Only a small number of them are of infectious aetiology, such as colibacillosis, dysentery,
rota viruses and corona viruses. Most deaths in the postnatal period are caused by the
hypothermia-hypoglycaemia-starvation complex. This complex appears shortly after
parturition, and it can arise for several reasons. In most cases the inability to suckle leads to
hypoglycaemia, soon followed by hypothermia, which, if left untreated, leads to the death of
the neonates. Perinatal survival is influenced by maternal behaviour, post-parturition neonatal
behaviour, quantity and quality of suckled colostrum, birth weight of neonate, size of the litter,
and external factors such as feeding, weather conditions and manner of keeping. |
