Otrovanja kućnih ljubimaca nekima od češće korištenih antiparazitika

master's thesis

• Title (english): Poisoning of pets with some of the more commonly used antiparasitics
• Author: Lucija Makelja
• Mentor: Andreja Prevendar Crnić (mentor)
• Committee member: Jelena Šuran (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Andreja Prevendar Crnić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mirna Robić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Belić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-10, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine; Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety

Abstract

U radu su s toksikološkog aspekta obrađene tri različite skupine antiparazitika za uporabu u
pasa i mačaka: fenilpirazoli (fipronil), makrociklički laktoni te piretrini i piretroidi, koji ako se
primijene kućnim ljubimcima na način i u dozama koje nisu preporučene ili ako životinja dođe
u dodir s njima na bilo koji drugi način mogu uzrokovati otrovanje. Za svaku spomenutu
djelatnu tvar opisan je način upotrebe, toksičnost, farmakokinetički podaci, mehanizam
djelovanja, klinički znakovi, dijagnostika i terapija otrovanja. Odabir antiparazitskog pripravka
ovisi primarno o vrsti parazita i njegovom stadiju, ali i životinjskoj vrsti, individualnim
razlikama organizma u smislu starosti, kondicije, pasmine te određene genetske predispozicije.
Ukoliko se navedeni parametri prilikom odabira antiparazitika ne uzmu u obzir, njihova
primjena može uzrokovati toksične učinke u životinja. Svi obrađeni antiparazitici u radu
pokazuju visok stupanj selektivne toksičnosti za ciljne vrste parazita u odnosu na druge
životinje, koja se temelji na različitim mehanizmima. Kućni ljubimci određenih vrsta i pasmina
su izrazito osjetljivi na otrovanje obrađenim antiparaziticima, zbog različitih razloga. Obrađeni
antiparazitici u slučaju otrovanja pasa i mačaka izazivaju primarno poremećaje u radu živčanog
sustava. Za navedena otrovanja nema specifičnih antidota, terapija redovito započinje
postupcima dekontaminacije otrovane životinje, nakon čega slijedi simptomatska i potporna
terapija. Prikaz toksičnih učinaka fipronila, makrocikličkih laktona te piretrina i piretroida u
kućnih ljubimaca kao posljedice upotrebe gotovih antiparazitskih lijekova je način kojim se
može upozoriti na važnost pravilnog rukovanja i primjene navedenih lijekova kako od strane
vlasnika životinje tako i doktora veterinarske medicine.

Abstract (english)

The paper deals with three different groups of antiparasitics for use in dogs and cats from a
toxicological point of view: phenylpyrazoles (fipronil), macrocyclic lactones and pyrethrins
and pyrethroids, which are administered to pets in a way and in doses that are not recommended
or if the animal comes into contact with them in any other way, they can cause poisoning. For
each mentioned active substance, the method of use, toxicity, pharmacokinetic data,
mechanism of action, clinical signs, diagnosis and therapy of poisoning are described. The
choice of an antiparasitic preparation primarily depends on the type of parasite and its stage,
but also on the animal species, individual differences of the organism in terms of age, condition,
breed and certain genetic predisposition. If the specified parameters are not taken into account
when choosing antiparasitics, their use can cause toxic effects in animals. All processed
antiparasitics in the work show a high degree of selective toxicity for the target species of
parasites compared to other animals, which are based on different mechanisms. Pets of certain
species and breeds are extremely sensitive to poisoning with processed antiparasitics, for
various reasons. Treated antiparasitics in the case of poisoning of dogs and cats primarily cause
disorders in the work of the nervous system. There are no specific antidotes for the above
poisons, therapy regularly begins with the decontamination procedures of the poisoned animal,
followed by symptomatic and supportive therapy. Demonstrating the toxic effects of fipronil,
macrocyclic lactones, and pyrethrins and pyrethroids in pets as a consequence of the use of
ready-made antiparasitic drugs is a way to warn of the importance of proper handling and
application of said drugs by both animal owners and veterinary doctors.

• Keywords: toksičnost; kućni ljubimci; antiparazitski lijekovi
• Keywords (english): toxicity; pets; antiparasitic drugs
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:259292
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-10-17 09:15:55