| Abstract | Mastitis je upala mliječne žlijezde koja nastaje najčešće kao posljedica infekcije
mikroorganizmima. Najčešći uzročnici mastitisa su bakterije. Uzročnici mastitisa dijele se
na okolišne i zarazne mikroorganizme. Okolišni mikroorganizmi se nalaze u okolišu krave,
fecesu, stelji, a neki obitavaju na tijelu životinje. Rizik je veći što je okoliš prljaviji. Kontrolu
provodimo poboljšanjem higijene okoliša krava, dezinfekcijom nakon mužnje, higijenom i
liječenjem u suhostaju. Kontagiozni mikroorganizmi nalaze u vimenu inficiranih životinja,
ali često i na koži vimena, i u sisnom kanalu. Najčešći je prijenos s infcirane četvrti na
zdravu tijekom mužnje. Glavne mjere kontrole su dezinfekcija prije mužnje, redoslijed
mužnje, izlučenje inficiranih krava, održavanje muzne opreme, te liječenje u laktaciji i
suhostaju. Mastitisi se mogu manifestirati kao klinički i subklinički oblik. Subklinički
mastitisi su češći od kliničkih i ekonomski značajniji. Uobičajene metode dijagnostike
primjenom mastitis testa, određivanja broja somatskih stanica te klasične bakteriološke
pretrage se u novije vrijeme pokušavaju nadopuniti brzim mikrobiološkim testovima za
identifikaciju uzročnika. Mastitisi se liječe antibioticima na osnovu antibiograma. U novije
vrijeme zbog podizanja svijesti o antimikrobnoj rezistenciji nastoji se smanjiti upotreba
antibiotika. Istražuje se učinkovitost proizvoda biljnog podrijetla (baikalein, timol,
resveratrol, kurkumin te eterična ulja), životinjskog podrijetla (pčelinji otrov, propolis, med)
te ostali prirodnih spojeva (Bakteriocini, bakteriofagi, hitozan). |
| Abstract (english) | Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland, and the most common causes are
bacteria. According to the sources of the infection and the way of spread, we can divide
he pathogens into two categories: contagious and environmental pathogens.
Sometimes, some pathogens have the characteristics of both groups. Environmental
microorganisms are found in the animal's environment, in the manure, on the bedding
and on the animal's body. The dirtier the environment, the greater the risk. Mastitis control
s achieved by improving hygiene in the cow's environment, disinfection after milking,
hygiene, and treatment during the dry period. Contagious microorganisms are found in
he udder of infected animals, on the udder skin and in the teat canal. The most frequent
ransmission from the infected quarter to the healthy quarter occurs during milking. The
most important control measures are disinfection before milking, the order in which the
cows are milked, the culling of infected cows and the maintenance of milking equipment,
reatment in lactation and dry period. Mastitis can occur in two forms: clinical and
subclinical. Subclinical mastitis is more common than clinical mastitis and is of greater
economic importance. Conservative tests such as the mastitis test, somatic cell count and
bacteriological examination have recently been supplemented by rapid bacterial tests to
dentify the pathogen. Mastitis is treated with antibiotics, which are determined on the
basis of an antibiogram, but the milk must be discarded due to the prescribed withdrawal
period. Recently, due to increasing awareness of antimicrobial resistance, efforts have
been made to reduce the use of antibiotics. The efficacy of products of plant origin
baicalein, thymol, resveratrol, curcumin and essential oils), animal origin (bee venom,
propolis, honey) and other natural substances (bacteriocins, bacteriophages, chitosan) is
currently being investigated. |
