| Abstract | Mačke su, za razliku od drugih mesoždera, sklone u isto vrijeme oboljeti od upale jetre,
upale gušterače i upalne bolesti crijeva – sindroma nazvanog trijaditis. Razlog tomu je građa
njihovog probavnog sustava koji je specifičan po tome što se izvodni kanal gušterače i žučovod
spajaju u jedan kanal prije ulaska u duodenum, a ne ulaze zasebno u tanko crijevo, kao kod drugih
mesoždera. Osim toga, mačke u tankom crijevu imaju jako veliki broj bakterija. Znanstvenici su
postavili nekoliko hipoteza koje bi mogle objasniti zašto se javlja ovaj sindrom. Neki navode da
zbog razvoja imunoposredovane upalne bolesti crijeva dolazi do oštećenja sluznice i bakterijske
translokacije u krvotok, drugi su zaključili da je uzrok anatomska povezanost ovih organa što je
predisponirajući čimbenik širenja bakterija kroz zajedničke kanale do ostala dva organa, a treća
hipoteza povezana je s velikim brojem bakterija u tankom crijevu mačaka, koje dospijevaju
zajedničkim kanalom do gušterače i do jetre. Mogući čimbenik nastanka ove bolesti je i
imunoposredovana upala koja zahvaća sva 3 organa.
Klinički se bolesti manifestiraju slično, a prate ih anoreksija, promjenjiv apetit, letargija,
povraćanje, proljev, dehidracija, promjenjiva tjelesna temperatura i abdominalna bol.
Dijagnostici se pristupa brojnim metodama, pretragom krvi, fecesa, mokraće,
određivanjem koncentracije enzima, slikovnom dijagnostikom, endoskopijom, laparoskopijom i
dijagnostičkom laparotomijom. Bolest se konačno potvrđuje histološkom pretragom organa gdje
se uočavaju razne upalne stanice u organima kao i promjene u stjenci istih.
Pri liječenju najvažnija je nadoknada tekućine i elektrolita koje pacijenti brzo gube.
Učestala je i antibiotska terapija kako bi se što prije zaustavila bakterijska infekcija. Pravilna i
redovita prehrana izrazito je bitna zbog pravilnog obnavljanja i funkcioniranja gastrointestinalnog
sustava, a ovi pacijenti nekada odbijaju hranu i zato nekad treba postaviti sondu za hranjenje.
Ostatak terapije najčešće uključuje analgetike, antiemetike i stimulatore apetita. |
| Abstract (english) | Unlike other carnivores, cats tend to suffer from liver inflammation, pancreatitis and
inflammatory bowel disease at the same time — a syndrome known as triaditis. The reason for
this lies in the structure of their digestive system, which has the peculiarity that the pancreatic
and bile ducts converge in one duct before entering the duodenum, unlike other carnivores
where they enter separately. In addition, cats have a very high number of bacteria in the small
intestine. Scientists have put forward several hypotheses that could explain the occurrence of
this syndrome. Some argue that the development of immune-mediated inflammatory bowel
disease leads to damage to the mucosa and translocation of bacteria into the bloodstream.
Others have concluded that the proximity of organs plays a role. If the inflammation starts in
one organ, it can spread to the other two organs via common pathways. A third hypothesis
relates to the large number of bacteria in the small intestine that enter the pancreas and liver
via a common duct as a result of reflux. The last theory refers to immune-mediated
inflammation affecting all three organs.
Clinically, the diseases manifest similarly, accompanied by anorexia, variable appetite,
lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, variable body temperature and abdominal pain.
Diagnosis is made by various methods, including blood, fecal and urine tests, specific
enzymes, diagnostic imaging, endoscopy, laparoscopy and diagnostic laparotomy. The disease
is finally confirmed by histological examination of organs, which reveals various inflammatory
cells and changes in their walls.
In treatment, the replacement of fluids and electrolytes, which patients lose quickly, is
crucial. Antibiotic therapy is also crucial to stop the inflammation as quickly as possible.
Proper and regular nutrition is extremely important for the proper renewal and function of the
organs. These patients sometimes refuse food, so feeding tubes may be necessary. The rest of
the therapy is no less important, including analgesics, antiemetics and appetite stimulants. |
