Lokalizacija sentinelskog limfnog čvora sa metilenskim modrilom u kuja sa neoplazijama mliječne žlijezde

master's thesis

• Author: Karla Pavliček
• Mentor: Marko Hohšteter (mentor)
• Mentor: Ivan Butković (mentor)
• Committee member: Nino Maćešić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Hohšteter (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivan Butković (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivan Folnožić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-01, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine; Veterinary Clinical Sciences

Abstract

Tumor mliječne žlijezde je najčešći tumor koji se pojavljuje u kuja. Prevalencija tumora
varira od države do države jer ovisi o postotku kastriranih kuja. Nastanku tumora mliječne žlijezde
u kuja pogoduje veći broj čimbenika. Najvažniji čimbenik je hormonalna stimulacija
progesteronom i estrogenom. Zaštitni učinak se postiže kastracijom, no kastracijom nakon prvog
tjeranja on ne traje doživotno. U kuja s malignim neoplazijama mliječne žlijezde dolazi do
promjene limfne drenaže zbog otpuštanja limfangiogenskih čimbenika, te se limfa drenira i u
kontralateralne limfne čvorove. Zbog promjene limfne drenaže, ne preporuča se mastektomija
prema postojećim podacima o limfnoj drenaži. Uz tumor i zahvaćeni mamarni kompleks, uklanjaju
se i pripadajući limfni čvorovi. U svrhu potpune dijagnostike i smanjenja posljedica nepotrebnih
limfadenektomija, koristi se lokalizacija sentinelskog limfnog čvora različitim sredstvima.
Sentinel je prvi limfni čvor u kojeg će se drenirati tumor. Ukoliko se patohistološkom pretragom
utvrdi da u sentinelu nema metastaza, velika je vjerojatnost da se tumor nije sistemski proširio.
Metilensko modrilo je sredstvo koje ima široku upotrebu u terapijske i dijagnostičke svrhe. Ono
se može koristiti u svrhu lokalizacije sentinelskog limfnog čvora jer je lako dostupno, jeftino i
nema većih nuspojava. No, sentinelski limfni čvor se može nalaziti dublje u tkivu ili biti manje
veličine što će otežati kirurgu intraoperativnu lokalizaciju. U takvim slučajevima, u humanoj i
veterinarskoj medicini, bolji rezultati su postignuti sa kombinacijom metilenskog modrila i
radiokoloida.

Abstract (english)

Localisation of the sentinel lymph node with methylene blue dye in bitches with mammary gland
tumours
Mammary gland tumours are the most common tumours that appear in bitches. The
prevalence of the tumors varies from country to country because it depends on the percentage of
castrated bitches. A number of factors contributing to the development of mammary gland tumours
in bitches. The most important factor is hormonal stimulation by progesterone and estrogen. The
protective effect is achieved by castration, but castration after the first heat does not last for life.
In bitches with malignant neoplasia of the mammary gland, there is a change in lymphatic drainage
due to the release of lymphangiogenic factors, and the lymph drains into the contralateral lymph
nodes. Due to changes in lymphatic drainage, mastectomy is not recommended according to
existing data on lymphatic drainage. Along with the tumor and the affected mammary complex,
the associated lymph nodes are also removed. For the purpose of complete diagnosis and reduction
of the complications of unnecessary lymphadenectomies, localization of the sentinel lymph node
is being carried out by different methods. Sentinel is the first lymph node into which the tumor
will drain. If the pathohistological examination shows that there are no metastases in the sentinel,
there is a high probability that the tumor has not spread systemically. Methylene blue is an agent
widely used for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. It can be used to localize the sentinel lymph
node because it is easily available, cheap and has no major side effects. However, the sentinel
lymph node can be located deeper in the tissue or be smaller in size, which will make it difficult
for the surgeon to localize it intraoperatively. In such cases, in human and veterinary medicine,
better results have been achieved with a combination of methylene blue and radiocolloids.

• Keywords: sentinelski limfni čvor; tumor mliječne žlijezde; metilensko modrilo; kuja
• Keywords (english): sentinel lymph node; mammary gland tumours; methylene blue; bitches
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:793857
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-01-26 11:09:05