Title Patogeneza endokrinih bolesti praćenih oftalmološkim promjenama Author Petra Jurišić Mentor Maja Belić (mentor)Mentor Valentina Plichta (mentor)Committee member Romana Turk (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Mirna Robić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Maja Belić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Valentina Plichta (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2024, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Endokrinopatije predstavljaju poremećaj u funkciji endokrinih žlijezda koji rezultira
previsokom ili preniskom koncentracijom njihovih hormona u cirkulaciji. Zbog narušene
ravnoteže endokrinih hormona, mogu se razviti brojne komplikacije među kojima su nerijetke
oftalmološke. Ovaj rad opisuje najučestalije endokrine bolesti i njihove potencijalne
oftalmološke posljedice, s posebnim naglaskom na patogenezu.
Šećerna bolest tipa I nastaje kada zakaže funkcija gušterače pri čemu dolazi do manjka inzulina,
što se očituje povišenom koncentracijom glukoze u krvi, a najpoznatija oftalmološka posljedica
je katarakta. Hiperadrenokorticizam je uzrokovan kronično povišenom koncentracijom
glukokortikoida u krvi, najčešće zbog tumora hipofize i rijetko se očituje očnim promjenama.
Akromegalija je poremećaj uzrokovan prekomjernom proizvodnjom hormona rasta i javlja se
uglavnom kod mačaka, a oftalmološke posljedice su edem papile, sljepoća i znakovi koji se
javljaju sekundarno na šećernu bolesti i sistemsku hipertenziju. Hipofizni patuljasti rast nastaje
zbog kongenitalnog nedostatka hormona rasta. Očni znakovi su rijetki. Hipotireoidizam je česta
pojava u pasa. Najkarakterističniji klinički znakovi su tragičan izraz lica i ogoljeli rep.
Oftalmološke posljedice su rijetke i uključuju KCS, Hornerov sindrom, lipidnu degeneraciju
rožnice i lipide u očnoj vodici. Hipertireoidizam nastaje zbog pojačane proizvodnje hormona
štitnjače. Obično je uzrokovan adenomom šitinjače ili adenomatoznom hiperplazijom štitnjače.
Tipičan simptom je smanjenje tjelesne mase unatoč polifagiji dok su očni simptomi rijetki.
Hipokalcemija može biti povezana s nizom poremećaja. Klinička slika u težim slučajevima
može uključivati grčeve, napadaje, tetaniju, bradikardiju, a najpoznatija očna posljedica je
katarakta. Hiperkalcemija najčešće proizlazi iz povećane sekrecije paratireoidnog hormona, a
najočitija oftalmološka posljedica je metastatska kalcifikacija u očnim tkivima.
Abstract (english) Endocrinopathies are functional disorders of the endocrine glands that lead to an excessive or
insufficient concentration of their hormones in the bloodstream. Due to the imbalance of
endocrine hormones, numerous complications can occur, of which ophthalmologic problems
are not uncommon. This paper describes the most common endocrine disorders and their
possible ophthalmologic consequences, with a focus on pathogenesis.
Type I diabetes mellitus occurs when pancreatic function fails, resulting in insulin deficiency
manifested by elevated blood glucose concentrations, with cataracts being the most well-known
ophthalmologic consequence. Hyperadrenocorticism is caused by chronically elevated
glucocorticoid concentrations in the blood, usually due to pituitary tumors, and rarely manifests
as ocular changes. Acromegaly is a disorder due to excessive production of growth hormone
and occurs mainly in cats, with ophthalmologic consequences such as papilledema, blindness
and signs related to diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension. Pituitary dwarfism is caused
by congenital growth hormone deficiency, although ocular signs are rare. Hypothyroidism is
common in dogs and is characterized by a sad facial expression and a hairless tail.
Ophthalmologic sequelae are rare and include keratoconjunctivitis sicca, Horner's syndrome,
corneal lipid degeneration and lipids in the aqueous humor. Hyperthyroidism results from
increased thyroid hormone production, usually caused by a thyroid adenoma or adenomatous
hyperplasia of the thyroid gland. Typical symptoms are weight loss despite polyphagia,
although ocular symptoms are rare. Hypocalcemia can be associated with various diseases. In
severe cases, the clinical picture may include seizures, tetany and bradycardia, with the most
common ocular consequence being cataracts. In most cases, hypercalcemia results from
increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, with the most obvious ophthalmologic
consequence being metastatic calcification in the ocular tissue.
Keywords
šećerna bolest
hiperadrenokorticizam
poremećaji hormona rasta
štitnjača
kalcij
oftalmološke promjene
Keywords (english)
diabetes mellitus
hyperadrenocorticism
growth hormone disorders
thyroid gland
calcium
ophthalmologic changes
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:178:698555 Study programme Title: Veterinary Medicine Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution Terms of use Created on 2024-03-22 11:14:29
