Patofiziologija i terapijski potencijal inkretina u domaćih životinja oboljelih od šećerne bolesti tipa 2

master's thesis

• Title (english): Pathophysiology and the Therapeutic Potential of Incretins in Domestic Animals Suffering from Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
• Author: Nikolina Milanović
• Mentor: Maja Belić (mentor)
• Mentor: Romana Turk (mentor)
• Committee member: Mirna Robić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Romana Turk (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Belić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-11-22, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine; Basic and Preclinical Veterinary Sciences

Abstract

Diabetes melitus jedan je od najčešćih endokrinih poremećaja kod domaćih životinja,
posebno mačaka. Ova kronična metabolička bolest, koja se očituje smanjenom sposobnošću
tijela da regulira razinu glukoze u krvi, ima višestruke uzroke, uključujući genetske
predispozicije, pretilost i hormonalne disfunkcije. Etiologija dijabetesa može se pripisati
kompleksnoj interakciji genetskih i okolišnih čimbenika, pri čemu pretilost značajno pridonosi
razvoju inzulinske rezistencije. U takvim slučajevima, β-stanice gušterače ne mogu održavati
adekvatnu proizvodnju inzulina, što dovodi do hiperglikemije. Razumijevanje ovih
mehanizama ključno je za učinkovito liječenje i prevenciju dijabetesa.
Inkretini, poput glukagonu sličnog peptida-1 (GLP-1) i inzulotropnog polipeptida
ovisnog o glukozi (GIP), izlučuju se u crijevima nakon unosa hrane. Ovi hormoni igraju vitalnu
ulogu u povećanju izlučivanja inzulina, dok istovremeno smanjuju sekreciju glukagona i
usporavaju pražnjenje želuca. U dijabetesu tipa 2 smanjuje se izražavanje i djelovanje inkretina,
što utječe na kontrolu razine šećera u krvi. GLP-1 potiče izlučivanje inzulina i ima zaštitne
učinke na β-stanice, dok GIP regulira metabolizam lipida, što je ključno za pretile životinje.
Terapijski potencijal inkretina postaje sve jasniji, s razvojem lijekova koji poboljšavaju
njihov učinak. DPP-4 inhibitori i GLP-1 agonisti predstavljaju obećavajuće opcije za liječenje
dijabetesa kod domaćih životinja. Ovi lijekovi poboljšavaju glikemijsku kontrolu, smanjujući
razinu glukoze i poboljšavajući izlučivanje inzulina. Njihova primjena može poboljšati
kvalitetu života životinja i smanjiti rizik od komplikacija povezanih s dijabetesom. Daljnja
istraživanja i kliničke studije potrebni su za optimizaciju ovih terapija i bolje zdravstvene ishode
kod pasa i mačaka.

Abstract (english)

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders in domestic animals,
particularly in cats. This chronic metabolic disease, characterized by the reduced ability of the
body to regulate blood glucose levels, has multiple causes, including genetic predispositions,
obesity, and hormonal dysfunctions. The etiology of diabetes can be attributed to a complex
interaction of genetic and environmental factors, with obesity significantly contributing to the
development of insulin resistance. In such cases, pancreatic β-cells cannot maintain adequate
insulin production, leading to hyperglycemia. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for
the effective treatment and prevention of diabetes.
Incretins, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent
insulinotropic peptide (GIP), are released in the intestines after food intake. These hormones
play a vital role in increasing insulin secretion while simultaneously reducing glucagon
secretion and slowing gastric emptying. In type 2 diabetes, the expression and action of incretins
decrease, which affects blood sugar control. GLP-1 stimulates insulin secretion and has
protective effects on β-cells, while GIP regulates lipid metabolism, which is crucial for
overweight animals.
The therapeutic potential of incretins is becoming increasingly clear, with the
development of medications that enhance their effects. DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists
represent promising options for treating diabetes in domestic animals. These medications
improve glycemic control by reducing glucose levels and enhancing insulin secretion. Their
application can improve the quality of life for animals and reduce the risk of complications
associated with diabetes. Further research and clinical studies are necessary to optimize these
therapies and achieve better health outcomes in dogs and cats.

• Keywords: mačke; dijabetes melitus; inzulinska rezistencija; inkretini; glukagonu sličan peptid-1 (GLP-1); agonisti GLP-; 1; inzulinotropni polipeptid ovisnan o glukozi (GIP)
• Keywords (english): cats; diabetes mellitus; insulin resistance; incretins; glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1); GLP-1 receptor agonists; glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:955271
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2024-11-27 11:27:02