| Abstract | Kunići kao kućni ljubimci žive sve duže, što dovodi do sve češće pojave i
dijagnosticiranja tumora. Proces kancerogeneze potiču različite kemijske tvari, oksidativni stres
stanica, genetika, virusi, hormoni i radijacija. Najčešći tumori kod kunića su adenokarcinom
maternice, limfom, neoplazije mliječne žlijezde i kožni tumori, pri čemu je prevalencija veća
kod nekastriranih ženki i starijih životinja. Adenokarcinom maternice je najčešća neoplazija
kunića, posebice kod određenih pasmina. Prevencija i liječenje adenokarcinoma je
ovariohisterektomija. Neoplazije mliječne žlijezde koje najčešće nastaju su karcinomi, a
adenokarcinom ju najčešće zahvaća. Tumori hematolimfatičnih organa kod kunića su limfom i
timom. Limfom u većini slučajeva zahvaća mlade kuniće, a po učestalosti je druga neoplazija
kod kunića. Patognomonični nalaz za limfom su povećani svjetlosmeđi bubrezi s nepravilnom
površinom, hepatosplenomegalija i limfadenopatija. Timom je primarna neoplazija timusa, a
klinički znakovi su posljedica prisustva medijastinalne mase. Tumori kože su trihoblastom,
kožni limfom, melanom, planocelularni karcinom, hamartom, papilomi i tumori bazalnih
stanica, a uzrokuju ih i virusi iz porodice Poxviridae i Papovaviridae. Tumori testisa su tumor
intersticijskih stanica, seminom, tumor Sertolijevih stanica, teratom, adenokarcinom i limfom.
Liječenje je orhidektomija. Tumori probavnog sustava su rijetki, a najčešće se pojavljuju
adenokarcinom, lejomiom, lejomiosarkom, papilomi i neoplazije žučovoda. Neoplazije koje
zahvaćaju bubrege su embrionalni nefrom, karcinom bubrega i limfosarkom. Respiratorni
sustav zahvaćaju metastaze brojnih tumora, ali primarne neoplazije su veoma rijetke.
Endokrinološki sustav kunića mogu zahvatiti adenom i adenokarcinom nadbubrežne žlijezde,
kao i adenom hipofize. Tumori živčanog sustava i senzornih organa pojavljuju se rijetko, dok
tumori perifernih živčanih ovojnica i neoplazije oka imaju nešto veću učestalost. Dijagnostika
uključuje anamnezu, klinički pregled, laboratorijske pretrage, slikovne metode dijagnostike,
citološku i histopatološku pretragu. |
| Abstract (english) | Rabbits as pets are living longer, which leads to an increasing occurrence and diagnosis
of tumors. The process of carcinogenesis is triggered by various chemical substances, oxidative
stress, genetics, viruses, hormones, and radiation. The most common tumors in rabbits are
uterine adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, mammary gland neoplasms, and skin tumors, with a
higher prevalence in unspayed females and older animals. Uterine adenocarcinoma is the most
common neoplasm in rabbits, especially in certain breeds. Prevention and treatment of
adenocarcinoma involve ovariohysterectomy. The most common neoplasms in the mammary
glands are carcinomas, with adenocarcinoma being the most frequent. Hematolymphatic organ
tumors in rabbits include lymphoma and thymoma. Lymphoma primarily affects young rabbits
and is the second most common neoplasm in rabbits. Pathognomonic findings for lymphoma
include enlarged light brown kidneys with an irregular surface, hepatosplenomegaly, and
lymphadenopathy. Thymoma is a primary neoplasm of the thymus, and clinical signs are a result
of the presence of mediastinal mass. Skin tumors include trihoblastoma, cutaneous lymphoma,
melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, hamartoma, papillomas, and basal cell tumors, and they
are also caused by viruses from the Poxviridae and Papovaviridae families. Testicular tumors
include interstitial cell tumors, seminomas, Sertoli cell tumors, teratomas, adenocarcinomas,
and lymphomas, with treatment being orchiectomy. Digestive system tumors are rare, with the
most common being adenocarcinoma, leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, papillomas, and biliary
neoplasms. Neoplasms affecting the kidneys include embryonal nephroma, renal carcinoma,
and lymphosarcoma. The respiratory system is affected by metastases from numerous tumors,
but primary neoplasms are very rare. The endocrine system in rabbits can be affected by
adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the adrenal glands, as well as pituitary adenomas. Tumors
of the nervous system and sensory organs are rare, while tumors of peripheral nerve sheaths
and eye neoplasms have a somewhat higher incidence. Diagnosis includes taking a medical
history, clinical examination, laboratory tests, imaging diagnostic methods, cytological and
histopathological examination. |
