Građa i funkcija nuzštitne žlijezde kod životinja

master's thesis

• Title (english): Structure and Function of Parathyroid Gland in Animals
• Author: Barbara Bekić
• Mentor: Ivona Žura Žaja (mentor)
• Committee member: Ana Shek Vugrovečki (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Gabrijela Jurkić Krsteska (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivona Žura Žaja (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-11-29, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine; Basic and Preclinical Veterinary Sciences

Abstract

Nuzštitna žlijezda je malena, plosnata endokrina žlijezda smještena na stražnjoj strani štitne
žlijezde u laringealnom području vrata. Nuzštitna žlijezda ima ključnu funkciju u regulaciji
koncentracije kalcija u tijelu ljudi i životinja. Osnovna funkcija žlijezde je lučenje paratireoidnog
hormona koji regulira razinu kalcija, fosfora i magnezija u krvi i kostima. Paratireoidni hormon
potiče mobilizaciju kalcija i fosfata iz kostiju u krvotok, povećava reapsorpciju kalcija i magnezija
u bubrezima, a smanjuje reapsorpciju fosfata. Nadalje, paratireoidni hormon stimulira proizvodnju
vitamina D3 u bubrezima, što dodatno pomaže u povećanju reapsorpcije kalcija i fosfata u
crijevima. Njegova regulacija je ključna za održavanje ravnoteže minerala u tijelu jer kalcij ima
važnu funkciju u procesima poput mišićne kontrakcije, prijenosa živčanih impulsa, zgrušavanju
krvi i održavanju zdravlja kostiju. Kada mehanizmi koji održavaju koncentraciju ioniziranih
kalcijevih iona u plazmi u normalnim granicama podbace, nastaje hiperkalcemija ili hipokalcemija.
Najznačajnije bolesti nuzštitne žlijezde koje utječu na metabolizam minerala u tijelu su
hiperparatireoidizam, hipoparatireoidizam te tumori nuzštitne žlijezde. Hiperparatireoidizam
karakterizira prekomjerno lučenje paratireoidnog hormona u krv, dok se hipoparatireoidizam
manifestira kada nuzštitne žlijezde ne proizvode dovoljno paratireoidnog hormona. Tumori
nuzštitne žlijezde rijetki su kod životinja, ali su najčešće opisani u pasa i mačaka. Različite bolesti
poput autoimunih bolesti, infekcija ili genetskih poremećaja mogu utjecati na funkciju nuzštitne
žlijezde. Od bolesti nuzštitne žlijezde životinje ne obolijevaju toliko često koliko od ostalih
endokrinih bolesti, ali hipoparatireoidizam može uzrokovati smrt, osobito u pasa.

Abstract (english)

The parathyroid gland is a small, flat endocrine gland located on the posterior side of the
thyroid gland in the laryngeal region of the neck. The parathyroid gland has a key function in
regulating calcium concentration in both human and animal bodies. Its primary function is to
secrete parathyroid hormone, which regulates the levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in
the blood and bones. Parathyroid hormone promotes the mobilization of calcium and phosphate
from bones into the bloodstream, increases the reabsorption of calcium and magnesium in kidneys
and decreases the phosphate reabsorption. Additionally, parathyroid hormone stimulates
production of vitamin D3 in kidneys, which further aids in increasing the reabsorption of calcium
and phosphorus in the intestines. Its regulation is essential for maintaining mineral balance in the
body as calcium plays a vital role in processes such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse
transmission, blood clotting and bone health maintenance. When the mechanisms that maintain the
concentration of ionized calcium ions in plasma within normal limits fail, hypercalcemia or
hypocalcemia occurs. The most significant diseases of the parathyroid gland that affect mineral
metabolism in the body are hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism and parathyroid tumors.
Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone into the
blood, while hypoparathyroidism occurs when the parathyroid glands do not produce enough
parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid tumors are rare in animals but are most described in dogs and
cats. Various diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, infections or genetic disorders can affect the
function of the parathyroid gland. Although animals do not suffer from parathyroid gland diseases
as frequently as from other endocrine disorders, hypoparathyroidism can be fatal, especially in
dogs.

• Keywords: nuzštitna žlijezda; životinje; paratireoidni hormon; kalcij; metabolizam minerala
• Keywords (english): parathyroid gland; animals; parathyroid hormone; calcium; mineral metabolism
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:905755
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2025-01-16 08:24:33