Učinak stresa na zdravlje, produktivnost i reprodukcijsku učinkovitost farmskih životinja

master's thesis

• Title (english): The Impact of Stress on Health, Productivity and Reproductive Efficiency in Farm Animals
• Author: Tedi Radolović
• Mentor: Marko Samardžija (mentor)
• Mentor: Romana Turk (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivan Folnožić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Samardžija (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Romana Turk (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; (Reproduction and Obstetrics Clinic); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-12-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine

Abstract

Stres je reakcija organizma na podražaj koji zahtijeva adaptaciju životinje na novonastale uvjete. Može biti u obliku lokalnog i općeg odgovora, a manifestira se ovisno o intenzitetu i trajanju stresora. Najvažniji stresori su temperaturni ekstremi, transport, neadekvatno držanje, socijalni stres, alimentarni stres, stres od tehnoloških postupaka i bolesti. Reakcija na stres je regulirana posredstvom središnjeg živčanog sustava, endokrinog i imunosnog sustava. Najvažniju ulogu ima... More hipotalamo–hipofizno–adrenalna osovina i to preko izlučivanja glukokortikoida, koji se nazivaju i hormoni stresa. Djelovanjem stresnih hormona dolazi do promjena u organizmu jedinke, javlja se mobilizacija tjelesnih resursa kako bi se životinja oduprijela stresnom čimbeniku. Preusmjeravanjem metabolizma na funkcije nužne za preživljavanje, pogođene su ostale funkcije kao što su rast i razvoj, reprodukcija te naposlijetku i produktivnost i otpornost na različite bolesti. Pokazalo se da se akutnim stresorima imunosni sustav potiče, dok ga kronični stres suprimira. Tijekom stresa se naime, njegovim negativnim učinkom na imunosni sustav češće javljaju neke bolesti, kao što su transportna groznica, mastitis, ketoza, enterotoksemije, salmoneloze i druge crijevne zarazne bolesti, i osobito stresni sindrom svinja. Toplinski ekstremi negativno djeluju na unos hrane, a time i na rast i proizvodnju, u prvom redu na mliječnost. Grubo postupanje sa životinjama i imobilizacija jaki su stresori, pogotovo kod mladih životinja, a njihovim izbjegavanjem može se sprječiti pojava manje kvalitetnog mesa. Za pravilnu reprodukciju važno je da je životinja u stanju homeostaze, odnosno da su ispunjeni uvjeti okoliša i držanja, kvalitetna hranidba i ustaljeni odnosi u stadu. Stres smanjuje plodnost a time rastu i troškovi držanja, osjemenjivanja i liječenja. Zaključno, odgovor na stres inhibira funkcije koje organizmu trenutno nisu nužne kao što su reprodukcija, rast i probava, u korist onih koje služe za održavanje životne funkcije i preživljavanja. Less

Abstract (english)

Stress is defined as the reaction of an organism triggered by a treat that requires the animal to adapt. The response to stress can have a general or local effect, depending on intensity and duration of the stimulus. The most important stressors are: temperature extremes, transportation, inadequate housing, social interactions, nutritional stress, animal handling and diseases. Stress reaction is regulated by the central nervous system, endocrinological and immune system. The... More hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis plays the main role in the stress response, by secretion of glucocorticoids, which are known as stress hormones. They induce changes in organ systems of an individual, the animal's energy and resources are used to cope with the noctious stimulus. Promoting survival functions leads to inhibition of non-essential functions, such as growth and development, reproduction, productivity and disease resistance. It has been shown that acute stress stimulates immunity, while chronic stress supresses immune functions. Because of the inhibiting effects of stress on the immune system, animals suffering from stress have increased susceptibility to diseases such as: transport fever, mastitis, ketosis, enterotoxemias, salmonellosis and other enteropathogens, and porcine stress syndrome. Temperature extremes have a negative effect on feed intake, resulting in reduced growth and production, especially milk production. Harsh animal handling and immobilization are strong stress stimuli, particularly in young animals, which can be avoided in order to reduce production of lesser quality meat. Optimal reproduction depends on homeostasis, in other words on proper housing and animal handling, quality feeding and stable hierarchical relations. Stress reduces fertility, and consequently the production, insemination as well as possible treatment costs rise. In conclusion, the stress response inhibits non-essential functions, such as reproduction, growth and digestion, in favour of those functions that are vital for survival. Less

• Keywords: stres; reprodukcija; produktivnost; imunosni sustav; bolesti
• Keywords (english): stress; reproduction; productivity; immune system; diseases
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:226021
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-07-24 11:07:57