Fiziologija rasplođivanja kamelida

master's thesis

• Title (english): Physiology of Reproduction in Camelids
• Author: Iva Kilvain
• Mentor: Marko Samardžija (mentor)
• Mentor: Dražen Đuričić (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivan Folnožić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Samardžija (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dražen Đuričić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; (Reproduction and Obstetrics Clinic); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-07-09, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine; Veterinary Clinical Sciences

Abstract

Deva je sezonski poliestrična životinja, a važnu ulogu u održavaju njezinog spolnog ciklusa imaju okoliš i uvjeti držanja. Ženke deva imaju dvorožnu maternicu ( uterus bicornis ), a u sluznici rodnice u njih ne nalazimo sluzne žlijezde. Ovulacija je i nducirana kopulacijom. Muški kopulatorni organ je fibroelastični penis s dva spužvasta tijela. Anatomska značajka kojom se razlikuju mužjaci deva od mužjaka drugih sisavaca je postojanje zatiljnih žlijezda ( glandulae occipitales ) čijim sekretom intenzivnog mirisa mužjak privlači ženku. Deve Starog svijeta smatraju se spolno zrelim s 2 godine, a sposobne su za pripust s 3 4 godine. Alpake dosegnu spolnu zrelost u dobi od 12 14 mjeseci, a mogu se pripustiti nakon 18. mjeseca. Spolni ciklus u deva traje 2 3 tj edna, a samo tjeranje 3 4 dana. Tijekom estrusa ženka je sposobna za pripust, odnosno umjetno osjemenjivanje, što pokazuje karakterističnim promjenama u ponašanju i izgledu reproduktivnih organa. Deve su uniparne životinje, kote po jedno mlado. U jednogrbe deve gravidnost traje 365 410 dana, u ljama 345±15 dana, a u alpaka 330±10 dana te je u većini slučajeva gravidni rog lijevi. Kao i u ostalih sisavaca, za održavanje graviditeta bitno je tzv. majčinsko prepoznavanje graviditeta, kojim se sprečava luteoliz a i omogućuje preživljavanje zametka. Tijek porođaja dijeli se u tri osnovna stadija: stadij otvaranja, stadij istiskivanja ploda i stadij izbacivanja posteljice. Posteljica ( placenta ) kamelida je prema slojevima placenta epitheliochorialis (microcotyledon aria)aria), a prema rasporedu sveza placente materne i placente fetalis, placenta diffusa. Važno je dobro poznavanje tehnologije uzgoja i pravilne ishrane kako bi se zdravlje i reprodukcija kamelida održali na visokoj razini. S obzirom na dugi generacijski inte rval bitno je sve više pažnje usmjeravati na poboljšanje biotehnoloških zahvata i ranu ultrazvučnu dijagnostiku graviditeta.

Abstract (english)

This thesis analyzes camels as seasonally polyestrous animals whose seasonal reproduction is influenced by various external and internal factors. She camel has uterus bicornis and lacks the vaginal mucosal glands. Camels are in duced ovulators, the ovulation is induced by copulation. Male camelids have a fibroelastic penis with two corpora cavernosa. Male camels have specific poll glands ( glandulae occipitales) whose characteristic smell attracts the female. Dromedary camels are considered to be sexually mature at the age of two but are capable of mating when 3 to 4 years old. Alpacas mature within 12 months and are capable of mating within 18 months. The sexual cycle lasts from 2 to 3 weeks and oestrus from 3 to 4 days. During oe strus the female is ready for mating/artificial insemination, she changes her behavior and there are some characteristic changes in her reproductive organs. Camels have only one camel calf. Gestation length averages 365 to 410 days in dromedary camels, 345 ±15 days in llamas, and 330±10 days in alpacas. Usually, pregnancies occur in the left uterine horn. The embryonic signal for maternal recognition is important for the survival of the embryo. Parturition is divided into three stages: preparation for birth, the passage of fetus, and passage of placenta. Camels have placenta epitheliochorialis (microcotyledonaria) diffusa caul type . With good management and controlled breeding, it is possible to increase the reproductive efficiency of camelids. Due to a long generation interval, as demonstrated in this paper, more attention should be pointed on the improvement of assisted reproductive technologies and early ultrasound pregnancy recognition.

• Keywords: kamelidi; sezonska poliestričnost; spolni ciklus; graviditet; porođaj; biotehnološki zahvati
• Keywords (english): camelids; seasonally polyestrous animals; sexual maturity; sexual cycle; parturition; assisted reproductive technologies
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:144729
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-01-28 11:45:12