Identifikacija i antimikrobna osjetljivost bakterija izdvojenih iz pasa sa upalom vanjskog zvukovoda

master's thesis

• Title (english): Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Canine Otitis Externa
• Author: Daniela Karmelić
• Mentor: Zrinka Štritof Majetić (mentor)
• Mentor: Josipa Habuš (mentor)
• Committee member: Ljubo Barbić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zoran Milas (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Josipa Habuš (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; (Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2014-07-03, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine; Veterinary Clinical Sciences

Abstract

Upala vanjskog zvukovoda pasa jedna je od najcešcih bolesti koje se susrecu u veterinarskoj
praksi, te se procjenjuje da se javlja u otprilike 5 do 20% pasa. Bakterijske upale zvukovoda
najcešce su sekundarna komplikacija primarnih uzroka kao što su atopijski dermatitis,
alergije na hranu, strana tijela, paraziti, metabolicki poremecaji, poremecaji keratinizacije ili
autoimune bolesti. Postupak otkrivanja primarnih i sekundarnih cimbenika kod upala
vanjskog zvukovoda izuzetno je složeno, a temelji se na uzimanju detaljne anamneze,
klinickom pregledu, nalazima mikroskopske, mikrobiološke te po potrebi i drugih pretraga.
Odabir odgovarajucih antimikrobnih tvari ovisi o osjetljivosti pojedinih uzrocnika i izuzetno
je važan za uspješno lijecenje bakterijskih upala vanjskog zvukovoda. Cilj ovog istraživanja
bio je utvrditi ucestalost pojave pojedinih bakterijskih uzrocnika koji uzrokuju upalu vanjskog
zvukovoda u pasa te odrediti osjetljivost izolata na pojedine antimikrobne tvari. Istraživanje je
provedeno na uzorku od 200 pasa sa upalom vanjskog zvukovoda, zaprimljenih na Kliniku za
zarazne bolesti u razdoblju od listopada 2012. do sijecnja 2014. godine. Najcešce izdvojene
bakterije u pasa s upalom vanjskog zvukovoda u ovom istraživanju bile su S.
pseudintermedius (73,4%) i P. aeruginosa (25,2%) dok su Proteus spp. (5,04%),
Enterococcus spp. (6,1%) i E. coli (5,1%), izdvojene u znatno manjem broju. Utvrdena je
relativno visoka osjetljivost izolata S. pseudintermedius na beta laktamske antibiotike
(amoksicilin i klavulanska kiselina, cefaleksin) te pojedine aminoglikozde (amikacin,
neomicin) i fluorokinolone (marbofloksacin). Vrlo visoka osjetljivost stafilokoka utvrdena je i
na mupirocin i fucidinsku kiselinu. Svi izolati bakterije P. aeruginosa bili su potpuno
neosjetljivi na amoksicilin i klavulansku kiselinu, kao i na cefaleksin, a utvrdena je i razlicita
razina neosjetljivosti na druge antimikrobne tvari. Utvrdena je vrlo visoka osjetljivost ove
bakterije na polimiksin B i umjerena osjetljivost na gentamicin, no zbog vrlo promjenjivih
obrazaca i opcenito visoke razine neosjetljivosti utvrdene u bakterije P. aeruginosa
odredivanje empirijske sheme lijecenja vrlo lako može rezultirati neuspjehom te dovesti do
stvaranja novih rezistencija. Stoga, odredivanje osjetljivosti i pažljiv odabir antimikrobnog
pripravka presudan je korak u odabiru odgovarajuce terapije kod infekcija ovom bakterijom.

Abstract (english)

Canine otitis externa is one of the most common diseases encountered in veterinary practice.
It is estimated to affect between 5% and 20% of dogs. Otitis externa caused by different
bacterial species commonly occurs as a secondary complication of primary factors that initiate
inflammation within ears, such as atopic dermatitis, cutaneous adverse reactions to food,
foreign bodies, ectoparasites, metabolic diseases, keratinization abnormalities and
autoimmune diseases. Diagnostic methods used in order to determine the primary and
secondary factors involved in otitis externa are complex. They comprehend detailed medical
history, clinical examination, microscopic and microbiological analysis and, if necessary,
some additional tests. Selection of appropriate chemotherapeutics in relation to the sensitivity
of the etiological agents is extremely important for successful treatment of bacterial otitis.
The purpose of the study was to estimate the incidence of different bacterial species involved
in bacterial otitis externa in dogs and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of obtained
isolates. Clinical specimens were collected from 200 dogs with clinical signs of otitis externa
that were presented at the Clinic for Infectious Diseases from October 2012 till January 2014.
The most prevalent bacteria isolated from dogs suffering with otitis externa were S.
pseudintermedius (73,4%) and P. aeruginosa (25,2%) whereas Proteus spp. (5,04%),
Enterococcus spp. (6,1%) and E. coli (5,1%) were isolated in smaller number of cases. Very
good sensitivity of S. pseudintermedius to beta-lactams (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid,
cephalexin), certain aminoglycosides (amikacin, neomycin) and fluorquinolones
(marbofloxacin) was determined during the study. Moreover, S. pseudintermedius isolates
were also highly susceptible to mupirocin and fusidic acid. On the other hand, P. aeruginosa
isolates had very low sensitivity to wide range of antimicrobials suggesting that many
antimicrobial agents commonly used in companion animals may not constitute appropriate
therapy for canine Pseudomonas infections. Due to observed highly variable resistance
patterns, antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be a crucial step in the selection of
appropriate therapy in otitis caused by P. aeruginosa.

• Keywords: pas.upala vanjskog zvukovoda
• Keywords (english): dog; otitis externa
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:656680
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2016-01-12 12:11:53