Antimikrobna osjetljivost bakterija roda Enterococcus spp. izdvojenih iz ptica kućnih ljubimaca

master's thesis

• Title (english): Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria of the Genus Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Pet Birds
• Author: Petra Marciuš
• Mentor: Danijela Horvatek Tomić (mentor)
• Committee member: Željko Gottstein (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Lukač (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Danijela Horvatek Tomić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; (Department of Poultry Diseases with Clinic); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-03-02, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine; Veterinary Clinical Sciences

Abstract

Bakterije roda Enterococcus spp. sastavni su dio gastrointestinalne mikroflore ljudi i životinja, a smatraju se i oportunističkim patogenima. Vrste enterokoka koje se najčešće izdvajaju iz ptica kućnih ljubimaca su E. faecalis i E. faecium. Razvoj antimikrobne rezistencije sve češći je problem u humanoj, ali i u veterinarskoj medicini, čemu posebno pridonosi neprikladna primjena antibiotika u svih vrsta životinja, pa tako i u ptica kućnih ljubimaca. Diljem svijeta sve više zabrinjava pojava multirezistentnih sojeva enterokoka, a dokazano je i kako su slobodno živuće divlje ptice moguć rezervoar enterokoka rezistentnih na vankomicin i gentamicin, ali i da ptice držane u zatočeništvu mogu biti potencijalni izvor multirezistentnih izolata.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti u kojoj mjeri su bakterije Enterococcus spp., izdvojene iz ptica kućnih ljubimaca, osjetljive na antimikrobne tvari. Istraživanje je provedeno na 5 izolata koji su pripadali vrstama E. faecium/hirae (1 izolat) i E. facealis (4 izolata), a ispitivana je njihova osjetljivost na 12 različitih antimikrobnih tvari disk difuzijskom metodom.
Rezistencija se najčešće očitovala na amoksicilin, cefaleksin, gentamicin, flumekvin, penicilin i tilozin, dok se na enrofloksacin, marbofloksacin, streptomicin i trimetoprim/sulfametoksazol rezistencija najrjeđe očitovala. Jedan izolat bio je rezistentan na tri ispitivane antimikrobne tvari, jedan na četiri, dok su preostala tri izolata bila višestruko rezistentna na 7 i više istraživana antibiotika. Izolat E. faecalis, izdvojen iz afričke sive papige, bio je rezistentan na svih 12 ispitivanih antibiotika.
Dobiveni rezultati potvrđuju kako ptice kućni ljubimci mogu predstavljati izvor rezistentnih enterokoka za životinje ili ljude. Neophodna su dodatna istraživanja na većem broju uzoraka kako bi se ovi rezultati potvrdili, uz moguće korištenje modernih molekularnih metoda radi dokaza gena odgovornih za rezistenciju.

Abstract (english)

Bacteria of the genus Enterococcus spp. are an integral part of the gastrointestinal microflora of humans and animals, and are also considered opportunistic pathogens. The species of enterococci that are most commonly isolated from pet birds are E. faecalis and E. faecium. The development of antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly common problem in human and veterinary medicine, especially due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics in all types of animals, including pet birds. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of enterococci is of increasing concern around the world, and it has been proven that free-living wild birds are a possible reservoir of enterococci resistant to vancomycin and gentamicin, but that captive birds can be a potential source of multidrug-resistant isolates, too.
The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which bacteria Enterococcus spp., isolated from pet birds, are susceptible to antimicrobial substances. The study was performed on 5 isolates belonging to the species E. faecium/hirae (1 isolate) and E. facealis (4 isolates), and their sensitivity to 12 different antimicrobial substances by disk diffusion method was examined.
Resistance to amoxicillin, cephalexin, gentamicin, flumequine, penicillin, and tylosin was most common, whereas resistance to enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole was low. One isolate was resistant to three tested antimicrobials, one to four, while the remaining three isolates were multiple resistant to 7 or more investigated antibiotics. The isolate of E. faecalis, isolated from the African gray parrot, was resistant to all 12 tested antibiotics.
The results obtained confirm that pet birds can be a source of resistant enterococci for animals or humans. Further research on a larger number of samples is needed to confirm these results, with the possible use of modern molecular methods to prove the genes responsible for resistance.

• Keywords: antibiotik; antimikrobna rezistencija; disk difuzijska metoda; enterokoki; ptice
• Keywords (english): antibiotic; antimicrobial resistance; disk diffusion method; enterococci; birds
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:166312
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-03-11 11:50:38