Hitna stanja u neurologiji

master's thesis

• Title (english): Emergencies in neurology
• Author: Doris Dujmović
• Mentor: Mirna Brkljačić (mentor)
• Mentor: Ivana Kiš (mentor)
• Committee member: Nada Kučer (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivana Kiš (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mirna Brkljačić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vesna Matijatko (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine; Veterinary Clinical Sciences

Abstract

Hitna stanja predstavljaju po ţivot opasna stanja koja zahtijevaju točnu i brzu intervenciju.
Neprimjereno zbrinjavanje u ranim fazama stabilizacije hitnog pacijenta moţe ostaviti trajne
posljedice na njegovo zdravlje. Veliki dio pacijenata u veterinarskoj maloj praksi se prezentira i
sa različitim poremećajima neurološkog sustava što predstavlja veliki izazov za veterinara zbog
sloţenosti dijagnostike i liječenja takvih stanja. Neurološki simptomi mogu biti posljedica
primarne bolesti središnjeg ili perifernog ţivčanog sustava, ali se mogu javiti i sekundarno kod
različitih sistemskih poremećaja. Trijaţa je postupak pomoću kojeg razvrstavamo stabilne od
nestabilnih pacijenata te nam daje uvid u to koliko je hitno njihovo zbrinjavanje. Glavni cilj
stabilizacije hitnih pacijenata je osigurati dostatnu količinu kisika mozgu, srcu i ostalim vitalnim
organima.
Detaljan neurološki pregled radimo nakon stabilizacije u pacijenata koji pokazuju neurološke
simptome. Cilj neurološkog pregleda je ustanoviti radi li se o poremećaju neurološkog karaktera,
odrediti lokaciju lezije i njenu etiologiju te teţinu stanja u kojemu se pacijent nalazi. Neurološki
pregled obuhvaća: procjenu mentalnog statusa i ponašanja te stava i poloţaja tijela u prostoru,
prisutnost abnormalnih pokreta, promatranje hoda, testiranje reakcija odrţavanja stava i poloţaja
u prostoru, pregled kranijalnih ţivaca i spinalnih refleksa, palpaciju tijela i testiranje percepcije
bola. U većini slučajeva moţemo odrediti mjesto lezije što je u konačnici bitno za sastavljanje
liste diferencijalnih dijagnoza i daljnjih dijagnostičkih i terapijskih planova. Prognoza pojedinih
hitnih stanja u veterinarskoj neurologiji velikim dijelom ovisi o lokaciji i etiologiji lezija.

Abstract (english)

Emergencies are life-threatening conditions that require an accurate and prompt intervention.
Inadequate medical care in the early stages of patient stabilization can leave lasting
consequences on its health. A large proportion of patients in veterinary small practice are also
presented with various neurological disorders which can be a great challenge for the veterinarian
due to the diagnosis and treatment complexity. Neurological symptoms may occur due to the
primary disease of the central or peripheral nervous system, but also secondarily as a result of
various systemic disorders. Triage is a procedure that ensures the differentiation between stable
and unstable patients and helps clinician to decide which condition is the most serious and
should be dealt with first. The main goal in stabilizing emergency patients is to provide a
sufficient amount od oxygen for the brain, heart and other vital organs.
In patients with neurological symptoms, after stabilization, a detailed neurological examination
should be performed. The aim of the neurological examination is to determine whether the
disorder is of a neurological nature, the location of the lesion and its etiology, and the severity of
the condition in which the patient is. Neurological exam includes: evaluation of the posture and
body position at rest, identification of abnormal movements, evaluation of the gait, postural
reaction testing, cranial nerves and spinal reflexes examination, palpation and nociceptive
testing. In most cases, we can determine the location od the lesion which is ultimately essential
for compiling a list of differential diagnoses and further diagnostic and treatment plans. The
prognosis of individual emergencies in veterinary neurology largely depends on the location and
etiology of the lesion.

• Keywords: hitna neurološka stanja; neurološki pregled pasa i mačaka; veterinarska neurologija; neurološki pregled
• Keywords (english): neurological emergencies; neurological examination of dogs and cats; veterinary neurology; neurological examination
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:663681
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-10-14 08:39:29