Toksikologija ptica

master's thesis

• Title: Toksikologija ptica : Otrovanja dodatcima hrani, lijekovima, pesticidima, metalima, plinovima i toksinima iz okoliša
• Title (english): Toxicology of birds : Poisoning by food additives, drugs, pesticides, metals, gases and toxins from the environment
• Author: Iva Martić
• Mentor: Andreja Prevendar Crnić (mentor)
• Mentor: Danijela Horvatek Tomić (mentor)
• Committee member: Frane Božić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Danijela Horvatek Tomić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Andreja Prevendar Crnić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jelena Šuran (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine; Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety

Abstract

Ptice mogu biti izložene različitim otrovima u svojem okruženju. Otrovanja ptica kućnih
ljubimaca, onih u uzgoju te divljih ptica često ovise o dozi i o pojedinačnom odgovoru na
različite otrove. Otrovanje se može dogoditi nakon inhalacije, ingestije ili dermalnog kontakta
s otrovom. Do otrovanja može doći zbog primarne izloženosti otrovu ili sekundarnog otrovanja
zbog bioakumulacije otrovnih tvari u ptičjem plijenu. Ptice kućni ljubimci uglavnom su
izložene drugačijim izvorima otrova od divljih ptica. Jedan od najčešćih uzroka otrovanja
plinovitim tvarima su plinovi koji se oslobađaju izgaranjem PTFE tijekom kuhanja. Česte su i
pogreške u doziranju dodataka hrani ili lijekova. Rijetko, otrovanja mogu uzrokovati
pentaklorfenol, cijanidi ili selen. U intenzivnoj proizvodnji peradi otrovanja su rijetka jer je
proizvodnja kontrolirana. No, otrovanja se mogu dogoditi zbog povećane koncentracije štetnih
plinova, grešaka pri primjeni dodataka hrani ili tijekom liječenja. Divlje ptice će se češće
otrovati pesticidima ili naftom. Nadalje, sve kategorije ptica mogu biti podjednako izložene
metalima kao što su živa, cink, željezo ili olovo, zbog njihove sveprisutnosti. Otrovanja se
često manifestiraju nespecifičnim znakovima poput smanjenja reproduktivnosti i slabog
napredovanja dok tek povremeno klinički znakovi mogu ukazivati na specifični otrov.
Dijagnoza otrovanja u ptica zahtjeva temeljit dijagnostički pristup koji uključuje uzimanje
anamneze i utvrđivanje potencijalnih izvora otrova, klinički pregled, uzimanje dijagnostičkih
uzoraka te obdukcijski i histopatološki pregled. Određena otrovanja su dobro istražena dok
druga nisu, stoga su daljna istraživanja neophodna kako bi se unaprijedila dijagnostika i
liječenje.

Abstract (english)

Birds may be exposed to toxins through various sources in their environment. Poisoning of
pet birds, poultry and wild birds often depend on the dose and on the individual response to
various toxins. Toxicity may occur through inhalation, orally or dermally. Additionaly,
toxicosis may occur due to primary exposure to poison or as secondary toxicosis due to
bioacumulation of toxic substances in bird's prey. Pet birds are more likely to be exposed to a
different toxins than wild birds. Some of the most common causes are PTFE gases released
during cooking, food additives or medicines. Rarely, toxicosis can cause pentachlorphenol,
cyanide or selenium. In poultry production, the cases of poisoning are rare due to balanced
production. Wild birds are more likely to be intoxicated with pesticides and petroleum.
Futhermore, all categories of birds are equally exposed to metals, such as mercury, zinc, iron
and lead due to their various sources in the environment. Poisoning will often manifest with
non-specific signs such as decreased reproductiveity and poor progression. Sometimes, clinical
signs may indicate a specific poison. Diagnosis of toxicosis in birds is often challenging and a
thorough diagnostic approach is needed. This includes clinical examination, review of potential
sources of toxins and anamnesis, taking diagnostic samples, necropsy and histopathological
examination. Some toxicosis have been well documented, while others are limited and further
research is needed to expand our knowledge and improve diagnosis and treatment options.

• Keywords: ptice; dodatci hrani; lijekovi; metali; pesticidi; toksični plinovi; nafta; cijanidi; pentaklorfenol
• Keywords (english): birds; food additives; medicines; metals; pesticides; environmental toxins; selenium; toxic gases
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:297911
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-10-15 12:04:30