Title INFEKCIJA VIRUSOM ZARAZNE LEUKEMIJE MAČAKA Title (english) Feline Leukemia Virus Infection Author Barbara Jagec Mentor Zrinka Štritof (mentor)Mentor Matko Perharić (mentor)Committee member Vilim Starešina (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Suzana Hađina (član povjerenstva)Committee member Matko Perharić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Zoran Milas (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2022-06, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Infekcija virusom mačje leukemije proširena je diljem svijeta te pripada među najčešće
zarazne bolesti mačaka, znatno utječe na njihovo zdravlje i životni vijek. Virus pripada porodic
Retroviridae, te poput ostalih virusa iz iste porodice uzrokuje perzistentnu infekciju ugradnjom
provirusne DNK u genom domaćina. Mačke se obično inficiraju putem sline od već zaražene
mačke. Mačke sa progresivnom infekcijom postaju perzistento viremične i doživotno su izvor
zaraze za druge mačke, žive kraće, u prosjeku 3 godine od postavljanja dijagnoze i prije il
kasnije će razviti kliničke simptome bolesti povezane sa infekcijom FeLV-a (neoplazije
hematopoetske poremećaje, neurološke poremećaje, imunodeficijenciju, imunološk
posredovane bolesti i stomatitis). Infekcija virusom mačje leukemije povezana je sa mnogo
kliničkopatoloških abnormalnosti, mačke često imaju oportunističke bakterijske, virusne
protozoalne i-/-ili gljivične infekcije, uključujući bolesti gornjeg respiratornog trakta u mačaka
Hematopoetski poremećaji povezani sa infekcijom FeLV-a uključuju anemiju, neutropeniju
trombocitopenija i pancitopeniju. Klinički najznačajnija posljedica retrovirusne infekcije mačje
leukemije je imunosupresija. Važno je napomenuti da je mnoge od tih sekundarnih bolesti kod
FeLV, a i FIV inficiranih mačaka moguće liječiti. Testiranje sa ciljem izolacije inficiranih
mačaka ključ je prevencije prijenosa infekcije. Inicijalni test izbora za dijagnostiku infekcije
virusom mačje leukemije je imunoenzimni test (ELISA) kojim se detektira slobodni p27 protein
virusa u krvi. Kada se koristi imunoenzimi test kao „screening“ test, čvrsto se preporučuje
potvrda pozitivnog ili sumnjivog (primjerice slabo pozitivnog) rezultata testa. Osim ELISA-e
može se koristiti metoda imunofluorescencije i PCR. Potvrđeni pozitivni rezultat antigenskog
testa nikada ne bi trebao biti razlog za eutanaziju mačke, ukoliko okolnosti dopuštaju da se
mačka drži odvojeno od drugih mačaka. U liječenju se koriste antivirusni i imunomodulatorn
lijekovi te simptomatska i potporna terapija. Najvažnija i najefikasnija mjera kontrole zarazne
leukemije mačaka je upravo testiranje, identifikacija i odvajanje inficiranih mačaka kako bi se
preveniralo izlaganje zdravih mačaka virusu i širenje infekcije, a vakcinacija je također jedan
od bitnih preventivnih alata.
Abstract (english) FeLV infection exists worldwide and is among the most common infectious diseases of
cats, which has an important impact on the health and lifespan of domestic cats. The virus
belongs to the Retroviridae family and like other members of this family, it is associated with
lifelong infection after integration of the proviral DNA into the host cell genome. Cats usually
get infected through the saliva from the cat which is already infected with FeLV. Cats with a
progressive infection become persistently viremic and they are contagious to other cats for the
rest of their lives, they live shorter, on average no more than 3 years from getting diagnosed
and sooner or later they will develop clinical signs associated with FeLV infection (neoplasia,
hematopoietic disorders, neurologic disorders, immunodeficiency, immune-mediated diseases
and stomatitis). FeLV infection is associated with a variety of clinicopathologic abnormalities,
those cats often have concurrent bacterial, viral, protozoal, and/or fungal infections including
feline upper respiratory tract disease (FURTD). Hematopoietic disorders associated with FeLV
infection include anaemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and pancytopenia. The most
clinically important consequence of retrovirus infections is immunosuppression. It is important
to understand that many secondary diseases in FeLV-infected cats are treatable. Preventing
exposure of healthy cats to FeLV-infected cats by test and removal or isolation is an important
key to preventing the spread of the disease. The initial test for diagnosis of FeLV relies on the
detection of the core antigen p27 in peripheral blood using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA). When ELISA is used for screening testing, confirmatory testing for cats with
positive or suspiciously (slightly positive) test results is strongly recommended. Except for
ELISA, it can be also used as IFA and PCR. A confirmed positive FeLV antigen test result
should never be a death sentence for a cat if circumstances allow keeping the cat separated from
other cats. Antiviral and immunomodulatory medicines are used in the treatment of FeLVinfected cats, as well as symptomatic and supportive therapy. The most important and efficient
measures of controlling FeLV are testing, identification and separation of infected cats to
prevent the exposure of healthy cats to the virus and the spread of the infection, vaccination is
also an important preventive tool.
Keywords
infekcija virusom zarazne leukemije mačaka
epizootiologija
dijagnostika
prevencija
Keywords (english)
FeLV infection
epizootiology
diagnostic
prevention
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:178:900191 Study programme Title: Veterinary Medicine Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2022-07-20 08:25:16
