| Abstract | Izljevi u osrčje najčešći su poremećaj vezan za osrčje pasa, a posljedica su prirođenih ili stečenih bolesti. Najčešći je uzrok izljeva u osrčje tumor, odnosno hemangiosarkom, a drugi po učestalosti su idiopatski izljevi. Ukoliko izljev u osrčje nastane naglo, a osobito ako se nakupi veći volumen tekućine u kratkom razdoblju, dolazi do pojave tamponade srca. Tada se znatno smanjuje dijastolička funkcija srca te posljedično tome udarni volumen pa može doći do razvoja kardiogenog šoka i uginuća životinje ukoliko joj se ne pruži hitna veterinarska skrb. Najvažniji terapijski zahvat kod tamponade srca je perikardiocenteza, a ponekad osim terapijske važnosti ona može imati i dijagnostički značaj.
Istraživanje je provedeno na populaciji od ukupno 73 psa koji su bili zaprimljeni na Kliniku za unutarnje bolesti Veterinarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu u razdoblju od 12.6.2006. do 17.2.2017. godine te im je pritom postavljena dijagnoza izljeva u osrčje, a onda i dijagnoza samog uzroka koji je do izljeva doveo. Provedeno istraživanje fokusirano je na uzroke izljeva te moguće poveznice sa spolom, pasminom i dobi pasa, kao i na neke od provedenih dijagnostičkih metoda. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da je 2,65 puta češća pojava izljeva u osrčje u muških pasa (72,6% mužjaka naspram 27,4% ženki) i to u dobi od prosječno 8 godina starosti, a predisponirane pasmine su njemački ovčari i zlatni retriveri. Najčešće zabilježeni uzroci izljeva su hemangiosarkom i idiopatski izljev u osrčje. Prema podatcima iz anamneze i nalazima učinjenih kliničkih pregleda može se zaključiti da su klinički znakovi izljeva nespecifični, i mogu se često poklapati s kliničkom slikom karakterističnom za kronično zatajivanje rada srca. Najčešći simptomi koji su se javljali bili su anoreksija (49,32%), proširenje trbuha (47,95%), respiratorni distres (35,62%), povraćanje (28,77%), slabost (28,77%), proljev (21,92%), kašalj (20,55%) i mršavljenje (8,22%). Najčešći zabilježeni klinički znakovi bili su stišani srčani tonovi (58,9%), ascites (36,99%), hipokinetičko bilo (17,81%) i srčani šum (13,7%). |
| Abstract (english) | Pericardial effusions are considered to be the most common pericardial disease in the dog. They arise as consequences of congenital or acquired diseases. The most common cause of pericardial effusions are tumors, respectively haemangiosarcoma, and the second most common cause is idiopathic. If the pericardial effusion occurs rapidly, and especially if there is a larger fluid volume accumulation in a short period of time, the cardiac tamponade starts to develop. The diastolic function of the heart is decreased and along with it the stroke volume also decreases. This can cause the development of cardiogenic shock and lead to death if emergency veterinary care is not provided. The most important procedure in helping an animal with pericardial effusion is pericardiocentesis. It is not only a therapeutic procedure, sometimes it can have diagnostic value as well. This paper is based on a researched population of 73 dogs in total, that have been admitted at the Zagreb Veterinary faculty, Internal diseases clinic in the period from 12.6.2006. until 17.2.2017. and have been diagnosed with pericardial effusion. Later on they were also diagnosed with the disease that caused the effusion. The conducted research is focused on the causes of pericardial effusion and their relation to gender, breed and age of the dogs, as on some of the diagnostic methods that were carried out. Based on the research results, some conclusions were made about gender, age and breed predispositions for the occurrence of pericardial effusions. There is a predisposition for pericardial effusion in male dogs (72,6% males versus 27,4% females), with a 2,65 times higher risk than females, around the average age of 8 years of life, and the breeds that have been concluded to be predisposed are german shepherds and golden retrievers. Based on the anamnesis data and the results of clinical examinations we have concluded that the signs of pericardial effusion are not specific, but they are consistent with the typical signs of chronic heart failure. The most common reported symptoms were anorexia (49,32%), distended abdomen (47,95%), respiratory distress (35,62%), vomiting (28,77%), weakness (28,77%), diarrhea (21,92%), coughing (20,55%) and weightloss (8,22%). The most common reported clinical findings were muffled heart sounds (58,9%), ascites (36,99%), weak pulse (17,81%) and heart murmur (13,7%). |
