Nativna i mijelografska CT simptomatologija protruzije diska u različitim segmentima kralježnice psa

master's thesis

• Title (english): Survey and CT Mielography Symptomatology of Disc Protrusion in Different Segments of the Vertebral Column in Dog
• Author: Ivan Benčić
• Mentor: Vladimir Butković (mentor)
• Committee member: Damir Stanin (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Berislav Radišić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vladimir Butković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; (Department of Radiology, Ultrasound Diagnostic and Physical Therapy); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2014-05-09, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Veterinary Medicine; Veterinary Clinical Sciences

Abstract

Rendgenografski znakovi protruzije intervertebralnog diska ukljucuju suženje
intervertebralnog prostora, suženje dorzalnog intervertebralnog zglobnog prostora gdje se
spajaju zglobni izdanci, mali intervertebralni otvor, povecana gustoca sjene intervertebralnog
otvora, ekstruzija tvari ovapnjelog diska unutar vertebralnog kanala.
Patološki promijenjen mijelogram karakteristican je po promjenama velicine i
položaja subarahnoidnog kontrastnog sredstva u kralježnici, te širini i gustoci sjene spinalne
moždine. Mijelografske promjene mogu se svrstati kao ekstraduralne, intraduralneekstramedularne,
intramedularno oticanje i intramedularno ovapnjenje. Ekstraduralne ili
intramedularne promjene mogu nastati kod protruzije diska. Protruzija diska uzrokuje
ekstraduralne promjene koje su karakteristicne po tankom i dorzalno uvucenom
subarahnoidnom kontrastnom spinalnom stupcu (profilna projekcija). U sagitalnoj projekciji
je kompenzatorno proširenje spinalne moždine. Ekstruzirani dijelovi degeneriranog diska i
izbocenje prstena diska uzrokuje devijacije subarahnoidnog kontrastnog stupca kralježnice.
Kompjutorizirna tomografija (CT) i CT mijelogarfija koriste se kad se
konvencionalnom mijelografijom ne mogu jasno prikazati suspektne ekstradurlne promjene
uzrokovane protruzijom diska. Kontrastna rezolucija kompjutorizirane tomografije je znatno
bolja od konvencionalne radiografije, zbog cega se mogu prikazati i druge patološke promjene
koje mogu ekstraduralno uzrokovati pritisak na spinalnu moždinu (hipertrofija ligamenta,
hematom, tumor). CT mijelografijom može se prikazati oteklina spinalne moždine i promjene
u intervertebralnim otvorima.

Abstract (english)

Radiographic signs cosistent with intervertebral disc protrusion include narrowing of
the disc space, narrowing of the dorsal intervertebral articular process joint space, small
intervertebral foramen, increased opacity in the intervertebral formen, and extruded,
mineralised disc material within the vertebral canal. Shifting of the vertebra as the disc space
narrows also results in narrowing of the articular process joint, decreasingthe size of the
intervertebral foramen; hence, three survey radiographic signs are typically present with most
protrusions. increased foramen opcity is a result of extruded disc material and inflammation
of epidural fat. Careful patient positioning for the lateral radiograph is necessary to align the
right and left intervertebral foramina.
Abnormal myelogram is characterised by changes in the size and location of the
subarachnoid contrast medium columns and the width and opacity of the spinal cord.
Myelographic lesions can be grouped into the following patterns: extradural, intraduralextramedullary,
intramedullary swelling, and intramedullarry opacification. Either extradural
or intramedullary patterns may result from disc protrusion.. Disc protrusion typically causes
an extradural lesion characterised by thinning and dorsal deviation of the ventral subarachnoid
contrast medium column (lateral radiograph) and compensatory widening of the cord
(ventrodorsal radiograph).
Computed tomography (CT) and CT myelography are useful when conventional
myelography does not clearly demonstrate a suspected extradural lesion caused by disc
protrusion. Because the contrast resolution of CT is superior to that of conventional
radiography, extradural compressive lesions caused by lesions other than disc protrusion (e.g.
ligamentum hypertrophy, hematoma, tumor) can be identified. Cord swelling and
intervertebral foraminal changes are accurately diagnosed with CT myelogrphy, especially
when there is minimal subarachnoid distention. CT findings provide prognosis information
about paraspinal soft-tissue structures and the cord parenchyma that cannot be obtained with
conventional radiography.

• Keywords: intervertebralni disk; rendgen; kompjutorizirna tomografija
• Keywords (english): intervertebral disc; rendgen; computed tomography
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:178:886002
• Study programme: Title: Veterinary Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine (doktor/doktorica veterinarske medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-12-08 09:46:20