| Abstract | Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se analizom hitnih stanja u porodništvu i andrologiji pasa. U
uvodnom dijelu je opisana tematika rada te popis stanja koja će se opisati. Na to se
nadovezuje kratak pregled anatomskih posebnosti reproduktivnog sustava kuja i muških pasa.
Nakon anatomskih posebitosti slijedi opis izdvojenih hitnih stanja. Opisana su najčešća stanja
s kojima se prosječan kliničar može susresti u maloj praksi te koja donose najveću životnu
ugrozu i rizik od dugotrajnih posljedica. U opis svakog hitnog stanja ulazi generalni opis
stanja, pogodovni faktori, simptomatologija, dijagnostika, diferencijalna dijagnostika, terapija
i prevencija kada postoji mogućnost prevencije. Hitna stanja su podijeljena na stanja u kuja i
mužjaka. Stanja u kuja mogu se podijeliti na ona u negravidnih, gravidnih i post-partum kuja,
iako se određeni broj stanja javlja u više od jedne nabrojane kategorije opisana su sljedeća
stanja u kuja: prolaps maternice, piometra, vaginalni prolaps i vaginalna hiperplazija,
puerperalna eklampsija, postpartalna hipokalcemija, graviditetna hipoglikemija, graviditetna
hiperglikemija, produljena gestacija, distocija, metritis, postporođajno krvarenje, retencija
ploda ili posteljice, mastitis, torzija maternice i pobačaj. U hitnih stanja u mužjaka opisana su
stanja koja pogađaju testise, penis i prostatu te su tako opisani: torzija testisa, fraktura
zdjelice i os penis, parafimoza, akutni prostatitis i orhitis. Među glavnim uzrocima hitnih
stanja u porodništvu i andrologiji spadaju pasminska predispozicija, nedostatak kastracije,
jatrogeni uzroci i pogreške vlasnika (neadekvatna nastamba i higijena nakon porođaja,
deficijentna ishrana tijekom graviditeta i post-partum te nepažnja koja vodi do traume).
Uloga veterinara je da informira vlasnika o adekvatnoj prevenciji ovih stanja, promoviranju
kastracije životinja koje nisu namijenjene uzgoju, kao i pravovremeno prepoznavanje tih
stanja kada se pojave na temelju anamneze, kliničkih simptoma i adekvatnih dodatnih
pretraga te primjeni adekvatnu terapiju za svako stanje. Svijest veterinara o pasminskim
predispozicijama i jatrogenom faktoru uvelike može pomoći pri prevenciji nastanka ovih
stanja. |
| Abstract (english) | This thesis writes about emergencies in obstetrics and andrology. In the introductory
part we have a description of the paper topic and a list of conditions that will be described.
This is followed by a brief overview of the specific anatomical features of the reproductive
system of bitches and male dogs which is then followed by a description of selected
emergencies. The most common conditions which the average doctor of veterinary medicine
may encounter working in small practice, and which pose the greatest threat to patient life
and carry the risk of long-term consequences, are described. The description of each
condition includes a general description of the condition, factors which contribute to a certain
condition, symptomatology, diagnostics, differential diagnosis, therapy and prevention (when
there is a possibility of prevention). Conditions are divided into conditions in bitches and
male dogs. Conditions in bitches can be divided into those in non-pregnant, pregnant and
post-partum bitches, although a number of conditions occur in more than one of these
categories. Following conditions have been described in bitches: uterine prolapse, pyometra,
vaginal prolapse and vaginal hyperplasia, puerperal eclampsia, postpartum hypocalcaemia,
pregnancy hypoglycaemia, pregnancy hyperglycaemia, prolonged gestation, dystocia,
metritis, post-partum haemorrhage, fetal or placental retention, mastitis, uterine torsion and
abortion. In male dogs, conditions affecting the testicles, penis and prostate have been
described: testicular torsion, pelvic and os penis fracture, paraphimosis, acute prostatitis and
orchitis. Among the main causes of emergencies in obstetrics and andrology include breed
predisposition, lack of castration, iatrogenic causes and owner errors (inadequate housing and
post-partum hygiene, deficient nutrition during pregnancy and post-partum, and inattention
leading to trauma). The role of the veterinarian is to inform the owner about adequate
prevention of these conditions, promoting castration of animals not intended for breeding, as
well as timely recognition of these conditions when they occur based on history, clinical
symptoms and adequate additional tests and apply adequate therapy for each condition, and
also to be awareof breed predispositions and iatrogenic factor in onset of these conditions. |
