| Abstract | Nanotehnologija je interdisciplinarno područje koje proučava svojstva materijala na
nanorazini, od 1 do 100 nm. S razvojem nanočestica i upoznavanjem njihovih mogućnosti
razvilo se široko područje - nanomedicina. Nanomaterijali se koriste u dijagnostici i u
terapijske svrhe u humanoj medicini već desetljećima, dok je njihova primjena u veterini
relativno nova.
U veterinarskoj medicini fokus se stavlja na primjenu nanomaterijala u ciljanoj dostavi
lijekova i vakcina te u dijagnostičke svrhe. Glavne prednosti nanomaterijala u dostavi lijekova
su poboljšana biodostupnost i farmakokinetika, kontrolirano otpuštanje lijeka i smanjena
sistemska toksičnost.
U terapijske svrhe do sada su uspješno primijenjeni: nanokristali, polimerne
nanočestice u koje ulaze micele, dendrimeri i polipleski, liposomi, nanoemulzije, čvrste
lipidne nanočestice i anorganske nanočestice (ugljikove nanočestice, keramičke i metalne
nanočestice). Velike nade polažu se u nanotehnologiju u području onkologije. Nanočestice
mogu poboljšati terapeutski indeks, povećati maksimalne dozvoljene doze (MDD) te vratiti u
upotrebu lijekove koji su učinkoviti, ali toksični, slabo topljivi u vodi ili su nestabilne
molekule.
Iako pružaju mnoge prednosti, potrebno ih je dodatno razvijati kako bi se što bolje
razumjelo njihovo djelovanje, zaostajanje u organizmima i okolišu. Za neke nanočestice (npr.
keramičke nanočestice) zna se da pokazuju izrazitu nanotoksičnost u labaratorijskih životinja.
U veterinarskoj medicini sve se više pozornosti pridodaje brzom, učinkovitom, minimalno
toksičnom i jeftinom liječenju. Sve to nudi nanotehnologija. |
| Abstract (english) | Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field that studies properties of the material on
nanoscale, from 1 to 100 nm. With the development of nanoparticles and getting to know their
possibilities, a wide area developed – nanomedicine. Nanomaterials have been used for
diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in human medicine for decades, while their use in
veterinary is relatively new.
Many reports have shown evidence that nanoparticles may be good candidates for
drug delivery system. The main advantages of nanomaterials as precise drug delivery systems
are improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, controlled release of the drug, and
decreased systemic toxicity.
So far, for therapeutic purpose we can discuss the following nanoformulations:
nanocrystals, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, polyplex, liposome,
nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles and inorganic nanoparticles (e.g. carbon nanotubes,
ceramic and metallic nanomaterials). Nanoparticles can improve the therapeutic index,
increase the maximum permissible dose (MDD), reuse drugs that are effective but toxic,
poorly soluble in water or unstable molecules.
While providing many benefits, nanoparticles need to be further developed to better
understand their actions, persistence in organisms and the environment. For some (e.g.
ceramic nanoparticles) it is known to exhibit a significant nanotoxicity in laboratory animals.
In the veterinary field, more and more attention is paid to fast, effective, minimal toxic and
inexpensive treatment. All this is provided by nanotechnology. |
